Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India.
Molecules. 2022 Sep 10;27(18):5885. doi: 10.3390/molecules27185885.
More than 70% of our planet is covered by extremely cold environments, nourishing a broad diversity of microbial life. Temperature is the most significant parameter that plays a key role in the distribution of microorganisms on our planet. Psychrophilic microorganisms are the most prominent inhabitants of the cold ecosystems, and they possess potential cold-active enzymes with diverse uses in the research and commercial sectors. Psychrophiles are modified to nurture, replicate, and retain their active metabolic activities in low temperatures. Their enzymes possess characteristics of maximal activity at low to adequate temperatures; this feature makes them more appealing and attractive in biotechnology. The high enzymatic activity of psychrozymes at low temperatures implies an important feature for energy saving. These enzymes have proven more advantageous than their mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts. Therefore, it is very important to explore the efficiency and utility of different psychrozymes in food processing, pharmaceuticals, brewing, bioremediation, and molecular biology. In this review, we focused on the properties of cold-active enzymes and their diverse uses in different industries and research areas. This review will provide insight into the areas and characteristics to be improved in cold-active enzymes so that potential and desired enzymes can be made available for commercial purposes.
超过 70%的地球表面被极寒环境所覆盖,滋养着广泛多样的微生物生命。温度是地球上微生物分布的最重要参数,起着关键作用。嗜冷微生物是寒冷生态系统中最突出的居民,它们拥有具有多种用途的潜在低温活性酶,在研究和商业领域具有很大的应用潜力。嗜冷微生物经过改造,可以在低温下生长、繁殖和保持其活跃的代谢活动。它们的酶在低温到适宜温度下具有最大活性的特点,这使它们在生物技术中更具吸引力。低温酶在低温下具有高酶活性,这意味着具有节能的重要特性。这些酶比中温和高温酶具有更多优势。因此,探索不同嗜冷酶在食品加工、制药、酿造、生物修复和分子生物学等领域的效率和应用非常重要。在这篇综述中,我们重点介绍了低温活性酶的特性及其在不同行业和研究领域的多种用途。这篇综述将深入了解低温活性酶有待改进的领域和特性,以便为商业目的提供有潜力和理想的酶。