Tuan Shu-Jen, Hu Fei-Ting, Chang Hsun-Yin, Chang Pei-Wen, Chen Yu-Hsuan, Huang Tzu-Pi
J Econ Entomol. 2016 Feb 13;109(3):1034-1040. doi: 10.1093/jee/tow016.
Xylella fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease (PD) and is transmitted by xylem-sap-feeding insects. While X. fastidiosa -infected grapevines have been detected, the transmission vectors reported have never been recorded in Taiwan. Previous studies have suggested that Kolla paulula (Walker) and Bothrogonia ferruginea (F.) are candidate vectors in Taiwan. Here, we explored the life history of these two leafhoppers, evaluated the transmission efficiency of X. fastidiosa by the vectors, and investigated the genetic identity of three collected X. fastidiosa strains, namely, GMb, BQa, and BQ7f from the grapevine cultivars Golden Muscat (GM) and Black Queen (BQ), and one previously extracted strain GV148 from Kyoho (GV) showing PD symptoms in local vineyards. The results showed that all four strains were 100% identical to X. fastidiosa isolate Temecula1 from a naturally infected grapevine in the United States based on sequence analyses of 16S rRNA and 16S-23S ITS. The acquisition rates by K. paulula and B. ferruginea from the symptomatic cultivar Golden Muscat were 83.3 and 70.0% per individual, and the transmission rates to healthy grapevines were 13.3 and 6.7%, respectively. The acquisition rates by the groups of three K. paulula from the symptomatic cultivars Golden Muscat and Black Queen were 54.7 and 49.6%, respectively. Additionally, the transmission rates by K. paulula from and to each of these two grapevine cultivars were not significantly different. In view of their acquisition from infected grapevines and the effective transmission of X. fastidiosa to healthy grapevines, these two sharpshooter species are vectors of X. fastidiosa in Taiwan.
桑氏木质部小菌（Xylella fastidiosa）引发皮尔斯病（PD），并通过取食木质部汁液的昆虫传播。虽然已检测到感染桑氏木质部小菌的葡萄藤，但台湾地区从未记录过已报道的传播媒介。此前的研究表明，台湾叶蝉（Kolla paulula (Walker)）和铁锈色双距叶蝉（Bothrogonia ferruginea (F.)）是台湾地区的候选传播媒介。在此，我们探究了这两种叶蝉的生活史，评估了它们对桑氏木质部小菌的传播效率，并调查了从葡萄品种金香玉（GM）和黑皇后（BQ）采集的三个桑氏木质部小菌菌株GMb、BQa和BQ7f以及之前从巨峰（GV）中提取的一个在当地葡萄园表现出皮尔斯病症状的菌株GV148的基因特征。结果显示，基于16S rRNA和16S - 23S ITS的序列分析，所有这四个菌株与来自美国一株自然感染葡萄藤的桑氏木质部小菌分离株Temecula1 100%相同。台湾叶蝉和铁锈色双距叶蝉从有症状的金香玉品种上获取病菌的比例分别为每只83.3%和70.0%，向健康葡萄藤的传播比例分别为13.3%和6.7%。三只台湾叶蝉一组从有症状的金香玉和黑皇后品种上获取病菌的比例分别为54.7%和49.6%。此外，台湾叶蝉在这两个葡萄品种之间的获取和传播比例没有显著差异。鉴于它们能从感染的葡萄藤获取病菌并有效地将桑氏木质部小菌传播到健康葡萄藤，这两种叶蝉是台湾地区桑氏木质部小菌的传播媒介。
