Wijtzes Anne I, Jansen Wilma, Bouthoorn Selma H, Kiefte-de Jong Jessica C, Jansen Pauline W, Franco Oscar H, Jaddoe Vincent W V, Hofman Albert, Raat Hein
The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Public Health, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Matern Child Nutr. 2017 Apr;13(2). doi: 10.1111/mcn.12240. Epub 2016 Feb 16.
A healthy diet is important for optimal growth and development in children. Food preferences are a main determinant of children's intake. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status (taste sensitivity to PROP) with children's food preferences and consumption of high-calorie snacks and sweet beverages among ethnically diverse children. We analysed data from 5585 6-year-old children enrolled in the Generation R Study, a birth cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PROP taster status was evaluated using a suprathreshold screening solution. Food preferences of the children were assessed by a two-stage protocol using photographs of eight food items (candy, chocolate, mayonnaise, whipped cream, soup, potato chips, carrot and bread), yielding both hedonic ratings (1-3) and rank order scores (1-8). Univariate and multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were performed, using tasters as the reference group. Non-tasters had a slightly higher preference for carrots (β: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.13, -0.02 and β: -0.15; 95% CI: -0.27, -0.02 for hedonic ratings and rank order scores, respectively) and bread (hedonic ratings; β: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.11, -0.01) compared with tasters. No differences were found in children's preference for sweet, fat or salty food items. Furthermore, there were no associations of PROP taster status with the consumption of high-calorie snacks ≥ 2 times/day (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.91,1.24) or sweet beverages ≥ 3 glasses/day (aOR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.92,1.23). Other factors relating to the family food environment may be more important for young children's food preferences and consumption of high-calorie snacks and sweet beverages than their innate taste sensitivity.
健康的饮食对于儿童的最佳生长发育至关重要。食物偏好是决定儿童摄入量的主要因素。本研究的目的是在不同种族的儿童中，研究6-正丙基硫氧嘧啶（PROP）味觉状态（对PROP的味觉敏感性）与儿童食物偏好以及高热量零食和甜饮料消费之间的关联。我们分析了来自荷兰鹿特丹“R世代研究”的5585名6岁儿童的数据，该研究是一项出生队列研究。使用超阈值筛查溶液评估PROP味觉状态。通过两阶段方案，利用八种食物（糖果、巧克力、蛋黄酱、鲜奶油、汤、薯片、胡萝卜和面包）的照片评估儿童的食物偏好，得出享乐评分（1 - 3）和排序分数（1 - 8）。以味觉者为参照组，进行单变量和多变量线性及逻辑回归分析。与味觉者相比，非味觉者对胡萝卜（享乐评分的β值：-0.07；95%置信区间：-0.13，-0.02；排序分数的β值：-0.15；95%置信区间：-0.27，-0.02）和面包（享乐评分的β值：-0.06；95%置信区间：-0.11，-0.01）的偏好略高。在儿童对甜、脂肪或咸味食物的偏好方面未发现差异。此外，PROP味觉状态与每天食用高热量零食≥2次（调整后的比值比：1.06；95%置信区间：0.91，1.24）或每天饮用甜饮料≥3杯（调整后的比值比：1.06；95%置信区间：0.92，1.23）之间没有关联。与家庭食物环境相关的其他因素可能比幼儿天生的味觉敏感性对其食物偏好以及高热量零食和甜饮料的消费更为重要。
