双耳有助于双侧和单侧耳聋人工耳蜗植入者对同时说话者进行感知分离。
Having Two Ears Facilitates the Perceptual Separation of Concurrent Talkers for Bilateral and Single-Sided Deaf Cochlear Implantees.
作者信息
Bernstein Joshua G W, Goupell Matthew J, Schuchman Gerald I, Rivera Arnaldo L, Brungart Douglas S
机构信息
1National Military Audiology and Speech Pathology Center, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; 2Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA; and 3Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
出版信息
Ear Hear. 2016 May-Jun;37(3):289-302. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000284.
OBJECTIVES
Listening to speech with multiple competing talkers requires the perceptual separation of the target voice from the interfering background. Normal-hearing listeners are able to take advantage of perceived differences in the spatial locations of competing sound sources to facilitate this process. Previous research suggests that bilateral (BI) cochlear-implant (CI) listeners cannot do so, and it is unknown whether single-sided deaf (SSD) CI users (one acoustic and one CI ear) have this ability. This study investigated whether providing a second ear via cochlear implantation can facilitate the perceptual separation of targets and interferers in a listening situation involving multiple competing talkers.
DESIGN
BI-CI and SSD-CI listeners were required to identify speech from a target talker mixed with one or two interfering talkers. In the baseline monaural condition, the target speech and the interferers were presented to one of the CIs (for the BI-CI listeners) or to the acoustic ear (for the SSD-CI listeners). In the bilateral condition, the target was still presented to the first ear but the interferers were presented to both the target ear and the listener's second ear (always a CI), thereby testing whether CI listeners could use information about the interferer obtained from a second ear to facilitate perceptual separation of the target and interferer.
RESULTS
Presenting a copy of the interfering signals to the second ear improved performance, up to 4 to 5 dB (12 to 18 percentage points), but the amount of improvement depended on the type of interferer. For BI-CI listeners, the improvement occurred mainly in conditions involving one interfering talker, regardless of gender. For SSD-CI listeners, the improvement occurred in conditions involving one or two interfering talkers of the same gender as the target. This interaction is consistent with the idea that the SSD-CI listeners had access to pitch cues in their normal-hearing ear to separate the opposite-gender target and interferers, while the BI-CI listeners did not.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that a second auditory input via a CI can facilitate the perceptual separation of competing talkers in situations where monaural cues are insufficient to do so, thus partially restoring a key advantage of having two ears that was previously thought to be inaccessible to CI users.
目的
在存在多个相互竞争的说话者的情况下听语音，需要从干扰背景中感知分离出目标语音。听力正常的听众能够利用竞争声源在空间位置上的感知差异来促进这一过程。先前的研究表明，双侧（BI）人工耳蜗（CI）使用者无法做到这一点，而单侧聋（SSD）CI使用者（一只耳朵有听力，另一只耳朵植入CI）是否具备这种能力尚不清楚。本研究调查了通过人工耳蜗植入提供第二只耳朵是否能在涉及多个相互竞争的说话者的听力情况下促进目标语音和干扰语音的感知分离。
设计
要求BI-CI和SSD-CI使用者从与一个或两个干扰说话者混合的目标说话者中识别语音。在基线单耳条件下，目标语音和干扰语音被呈现给其中一个CI（对于BI-CI使用者）或有听力的耳朵（对于SSD-CI使用者）。在双耳条件下，目标语音仍被呈现给第一只耳朵，但干扰语音被呈现给目标耳朵和听众的第二只耳朵（总是CI），从而测试CI使用者是否能利用从第二只耳朵获得的关于干扰语音的信息来促进目标语音和干扰语音的感知分离。
结果
将干扰信号的副本呈现给第二只耳朵可提高表现，提高幅度达4至5分贝（12至18个百分点），但提高幅度取决于干扰语音的类型。对于BI-CI使用者，改善主要发生在涉及一个干扰说话者的情况下，与性别无关。对于SSD-CI使用者，改善发生在涉及一个或两个与目标说话者性别相同的干扰说话者的情况下。这种相互作用与以下观点一致，即SSD-CI使用者能够在其有听力的耳朵中利用音高线索来分离不同性别的目标语音和干扰语音，而BI-CI使用者则不能。
结论
这些结果表明，通过CI提供的第二个听觉输入可以在单耳线索不足以做到的情况下促进竞争说话者的感知分离，从而部分恢复了此前认为CI使用者无法获得的双耳的一个关键优势。
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