Twenge Jean M, Donnelly Kristin
a San Diego State University.
b University of California , San Diego.
J Soc Psychol. 2016 Nov-Dec;156(6):620-629. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1152214. Epub 2016 Feb 17.
We examined generational differences in reasons for attending college among a nationally representative sample of college students (N = 8 million) entering college between 1971-2014. We validated the items on reasons for attending college against an established measure of extrinsic and intrinsic values among college students in 2014 (n = 189). Millennials (in college 2000s-2010s) and Generation X (1980s-1990s) valued extrinsic reasons for going to college ("to make more money") more, and anti-extrinsic reasons ("to gain a general education and appreciation of ideas") less than Boomers when they were the same age in the 1960s-1970s. Extrinsic reasons for going to college were higher in years with more income inequality, college enrollment, and extrinsic values. These results mirror previous research finding generational increases in extrinsic values begun by GenX and continued by Millennials, suggesting that more recent generations are more likely to favor extrinsic values in their decision-making.
我们研究了1971年至2014年间进入大学的具有全国代表性的大学生样本（N = 800万）中，上大学原因的代际差异。我们根据2014年一项针对大学生外在和内在价值观的既定衡量标准，对有关上大学原因的项目进行了验证（n = 189）。千禧一代（21世纪00年代至10年代上大学）和X一代（20世纪80年代至90年代）在与婴儿潮一代在20世纪60年代至70年代同年龄段时，更看重上大学的外在原因（“赚更多钱”），而不太看重反外在原因（“获得通识教育和对思想的欣赏”）。在收入不平等、大学入学率和外在价值观较高的年份，上大学的外在原因更为普遍。这些结果反映了之前的研究发现，即由X一代开始并由千禧一代延续的外在价值观的代际增长，表明最近几代人在决策时更倾向于外在价值观。
