Huyen N T, Desrues O, Alferink S J J, Zandstra T, Verstegen M W A, Hendriks W H, Pellikaan W F
Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Parasitology and Aquatic Diseases, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
J Dairy Sci. 2016 May;99(5):3566-3577. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10583. Epub 2016 Feb 18.
Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a tanniniferous legume forage that has potential nutritional and health benefits preventing bloating, reducing nematode larval establishment, improving N utilization, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the use of sainfoin as a fodder crop in dairy cow rations in northwestern Europe is still relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sainfoin silage on nutrient digestibility, animal performance, energy and N utilization, and CH4 production. Six rumen-cannulated, lactating dairy cows with a metabolic body weight (BW(0.75)) of 132.5±3.6kg were randomly assigned to either a control (CON) or a sainfoin (SAIN)-based diet over 2 experimental periods of 25 d each in a crossover design. The CON diet was a mixture of grass silage, corn silage, concentrate, and linseed. In the SAIN diet, 50% of grass silage dry matter (DM) of the CON diet was exchanged for sainfoin silage. The cows were adapted to 95% of ad libitum feed intake for a 21-d period before being housed in climate-controlled respiration chambers for 4 d, during which time feed intake, apparent total-tract digestibility, N and energy balance, and CH4 production was determined. Data were analyzed using a mixed model procedure. Total daily DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber intake did not differ between the 2 diets. The apparent digestibility of DM, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were, respectively, 5.7, 4.0, 15.7, and 14.8% lower for the SAIN diet. Methane production per kilogram of DM intake was lowest for the SAIN diet, CH4 production as a percentage of gross energy intake tended to be lower, and milk yield was greater for the SAIN diet. Nitrogen intake, N retention, and energy retained in body protein were greater for the SAIN than for the CON diet. Nitrogen retention as a percentage of N intake tended to be greater for the SAIN diet. These results suggest that inclusion of sainfoin silage in dairy cow rations reduces CH4 per kilogram of DM intake and nutrient digestibility. Moreover, sainfoin silage improves milk production and seems to redirect metabolism toward body protein accretion at the expense of body fat.
红豆草（红豆草属）是一种富含单宁的豆科牧草，具有潜在的营养和健康益处，可预防腹胀、减少线虫幼虫着床、提高氮利用率并减少温室气体排放。然而，在欧洲西北部，将红豆草用作奶牛日粮中的饲料作物仍相对鲜为人知。本研究的目的是评估红豆草青贮饲料对养分消化率、动物生产性能、能量和氮利用以及甲烷产生的影响。采用交叉设计，将6头瘤胃插管的泌乳奶牛随机分为对照组（CON）或基于红豆草（SAIN）的日粮，每个试验期为25天，共2个试验期。对照组日粮是青贮玉米、青贮玉米、精饲料和亚麻籽的混合物。在SAIN日粮中，对照组日粮中50%的青贮玉米干物质（DM）被红豆草青贮饲料替代。在气候控制的呼吸室内饲养4天之前，奶牛在21天内适应自由采食量的95%，在此期间测定采食量、表观全消化道消化率、氮和能量平衡以及甲烷产生量。数据采用混合模型程序进行分析。两种日粮的每日总干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维摄入量没有差异。SAIN日粮的干物质、有机物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率分别低5.7%、4.0%、15.7%和14.8%。SAIN日粮每千克干物质摄入量的甲烷产量最低，甲烷产量占总能摄入量的百分比趋于降低，SAIN日粮的产奶量更高。SAIN日粮的氮摄入量、氮保留量和体蛋白中保留的能量均高于CON日粮。SAIN日粮的氮保留量占氮摄入量的百分比趋于更高。这些结果表明，在奶牛日粮中添加红豆草青贮饲料可降低每千克干物质摄入量的甲烷产量和养分消化率。此外，红豆草青贮饲料可提高产奶量，似乎会将代谢导向体蛋白积累，以体脂为代价。
