Belfi Amy M, Bruss Joel, Karlan Brett, Abel Taylor J, Tranel Daniel
Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience.
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa College of Medicine.
Neuropsychology. 2016 Oct;30(7):860-868. doi: 10.1037/neu0000273. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
Retrieval of lexical (names) and conceptual (semantic) information is frequently impaired in individuals with neurological damage. One category of items that is often affected is musical instruments. However, distinct neuroanatomical correlates underlying lexical and conceptual knowledge for musical instruments have not been identified.
We used a neuropsychological approach to explore the neural correlates of knowledge retrieval for musical instruments. A large sample of individuals with focal brain damage (N = 298), viewed pictures of 16 musical instruments and were asked to name and identify each instrument. Neuroanatomical data were analyzed with a proportional MAP-3 method to create voxelwise lesion proportion difference maps.
Impaired naming (lexical retrieval) of musical instruments was associated with damage to the left temporal pole and inferior pre- and postcentral gyri. Impaired recognition (conceptual knowledge retrieval) of musical instruments was associated with a more broadly and bilaterally distributed network of regions, including ventromedial prefrontal cortices, occipital cortices, and superior temporal gyrus.
The findings extend our understanding of how musical instruments are processed at neural system level, and elucidate factors that may explain why brain damage may or may not produce anomia or agnosia for musical instruments. Our findings also help inform broader understanding of category-related knowledge mapping in the brain, as musical instruments possess several characteristics that are similar to various other categories of items: They are inanimate and highly manipulable (similar to tools), produce characteristic sounds (similar to animals), and require fine-grained visual differentiation between each other (similar to people). (PsycINFO Database Record
在患有神经损伤的个体中，词汇（名称）和概念（语义）信息的检索常常受损。经常受到影响的一类项目是乐器。然而，尚未确定乐器词汇和概念知识背后独特的神经解剖学关联。
我们采用神经心理学方法来探索乐器知识检索的神经关联。一大群患有局灶性脑损伤的个体（N = 298）观看了16种乐器的图片，并被要求说出每种乐器的名称并进行识别。使用比例MAP - 3方法分析神经解剖学数据，以创建体素层面的病变比例差异图。
乐器命名受损（词汇检索）与左侧颞极以及中央前回和中央后回下部的损伤有关。乐器识别受损（概念知识检索）与更广泛且双侧分布的区域网络有关，包括腹内侧前额叶皮质、枕叶皮质和颞上回。
这些发现扩展了我们对神经系统层面如何处理乐器的理解，并阐明了可能解释脑损伤为何可能或不可能导致乐器命名障碍或失认症的因素。我们的发现也有助于更广泛地理解大脑中与类别相关的知识映射，因为乐器具有与其他各类项目相似的几个特征：它们是无生命的且高度可操作（类似于工具），能发出独特声音（类似于动物），并且彼此之间需要精细的视觉区分（类似于人）。（PsycINFO数据库记录
