Oliver JoAnne, Lukacik Gary, Kramer Laura D, Backenson P Bryon, Sherwood James A, Howard John J
1 Central New York Regional Office , Department of Health, State of New York, Syracuse, New York.
2 Vector Surveillance Unit, Bureau of Communicable Diseases, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health, State of New York, Albany, New York.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016 Apr;16(4):283-9. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1864. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
In New York State (NYS), Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was first reported in a human in 1971, in horses in 1970, and in pheasants in 1952.
Following work for the interval from 1970 to 1991, we identified cases in vertebrates from 1992 to 2012, through a passive surveillance system involving veterinarians in clinical practice, county health departments, and the Departments of Agriculture and Markets, Environmental Conservation, and Health, of the State of New York.
During an 11-year hiatus, from 1992 to 2002, no case in any vertebrate was observed. In a re-emergence, from 2003 to 2012, disease occurred in 12 counties, including 7 counties where disease had never been documented. Vertebrate cases included 4 cases in humans and 77 nonhuman occurrences; in 58 horses, Equus ferus caballus L.; 2 deer, Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann; 6 dogs, Canis familiaris; 10 birds; and 1 flock of pheasants, Phasianus colchicus L. These were the first reported cases in NYS in white-tailed deer, the domestic dog, and in five species of birds: American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm; American goldfinch, Carduelis tristis L.; bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus L.; blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata (L.); and red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis Gmelin. One crow was dually infected with EEE virus and West Nile virus. The northern, southern, and southeastern borders of the state were newly affected.
The geographic area, time periods, and vertebrate species with risk of EEE disease expanded from 1992 to 2012.
在纽约州（NYS），1971年首次报告了人类感染东部马脑炎（EEE）病例，1970年报告了马匹感染病例，1952年报告了雉鸡感染病例。
在完成1970年至1991年期间的工作之后，我们通过一个被动监测系统，对1992年至2012年期间脊椎动物中的病例进行了识别。该监测系统涉及纽约州从事临床工作的兽医、县卫生部门以及农业与市场部、环境保护部和卫生部。
在1992年至2002年的11年间隔期内，未观察到任何脊椎动物感染病例。2003年至2012年疫情再次出现，12个县出现了病例，其中包括7个此前从未记录过病例的县。脊椎动物病例包括4例人类病例和77例非人类病例；58匹马（家马，Equus ferus caballus L.）、2头鹿（白尾鹿，Odocoileus virginianus Zimmermann）、6只狗（家犬，Canis familiaris）、10只鸟以及1群雉鸡（环颈雉，Phasianus colchicus L.）。这些是纽约州首次报告的白尾鹿、家犬以及5种鸟类感染病例，这5种鸟类分别是：美洲鸦（Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm）、美洲金翅雀（Carduelis tristis L.）、白头海雕（Haliaeetus leucocephalus L.）、冠蓝鸦（Cyanocitta cristata (L.)）和赤尾鹰（Buteo jamaicensis Gmelin）。有一只乌鸦同时感染了东部马脑炎病毒和西尼罗河病毒。该州的北部、南部和东南部边境地区首次受到影响。
1992年至2012年期间，东部马脑炎疾病的地理区域、时间段以及有感染风险的脊椎动物种类均有所扩大。
