Incorvaia Cristoforo, Montagni Marcello, Ridolo Erminia
a Allergy/Pulmonary Rehabilitation , Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento , Milan , Italy.
b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.
Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Jun;9(6):831-7. doi: 10.1586/17512433.2016.1157017. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) was introduced more than a century ago and is yet the only disease-modifying treatment for allergy. AIT is currently conducted with whole allergen extracts and several studies clearly support its efficacy in the treatment of respiratory allergies, however the need for a long treatment - that affects costs and patients compliance - and possible IgE-mediated adverse events are still unresolved issues. Peptide immunotherapy is based on the use of short synthetic peptides which represent major T-cell epitopes of the allergen with markedly reduced ability to cross-link IgE and activate mast cells and basophils. Data from clinical trials confirmed the efficacy and tolerability of peptide immunotherapy in patients with cat allergy, with a sustained clinical effect after a short course treatment. Peptide therapy is a promising safe and effective new specific treatment for allergy to be developed for the most important allergens causing rhinitis or asthma.
变应原免疫疗法（AIT）在一个多世纪前就已问世，并且仍然是唯一一种能够改变过敏疾病进程的治疗方法。目前，AIT采用全变应原提取物进行治疗，多项研究明确证实了其在治疗呼吸道过敏方面的有效性。然而，治疗周期长（这影响了成本和患者的依从性）以及可能出现的IgE介导的不良事件仍是尚未解决的问题。肽免疫疗法基于使用短合成肽，这些肽代表变应原的主要T细胞表位，其交联IgE以及激活肥大细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞的能力显著降低。临床试验数据证实了肽免疫疗法对猫过敏患者的有效性和耐受性，短疗程治疗后临床效果可持续。肽疗法是一种有前景的、安全有效的新型特异性治疗方法，有望针对导致鼻炎或哮喘的最重要变应原研发。
