加纳采石场工人的噪声暴露与听力状况：一项横断面研究。

Noise Exposure and Hearing Capabilities of Quarry Workers in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.

作者信息

Gyamfi Charles Kwame R, Amankwaa Isaac, Owusu Sekyere Frank, Boateng Daniel

机构信息

Center for Disability and Rehabilitation Studies, Department of Community Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.

Department of Nursing, Garden City University College, Kumasi, Ghana.

出版信息

J Environ Public Health. 2016;2016:7054276. doi: 10.1155/2016/7054276. Epub 2016 Jan 21.

DOI:10.1155/2016/7054276

PMID:26904137

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4745977/

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Although quarry operations have high economic significance, the effects they cause to the workers in terms of excessive noise production cannot be overlooked. This cross-sectional study assessed the extent of noise exposure and its influence on hearing capabilities among quarry workers in Ashanti region.

METHODS

The study involved 400 workers randomly selected from five quarries in Ashanti region from April to June 2012. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, physical examination, and audiological assessments. A logistic regression model was fitted to assess independent predictors of hearing loss.

RESULTS

All the machines used at the various quarries produced noise that exceeded the minimum threshold with levels ranging from 85.5 dBA to 102.7 dBA. 176 (44%) of study respondents had hearing threshold higher than 25 dBA. 18% and 2% of these were moderately (41-55 dBA) and severely (71-90 dBA) impaired, respectively. Age, duration of work, and use of earplugs independently predicted the development of hearing loss. Use of earplugs showed a protective effect on the development of hearing loss (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.25, 0.84).

CONCLUSION

This study provides empirical evidence on the extent of damage caused to quarry workers as a result of excessive noise exposure. This will support the institution of appropriate protective measures to minimize this threat.

摘要

引言

尽管采石作业具有很高的经济意义，但它们在过度产生噪音方面对工人造成的影响不容忽视。这项横断面研究评估了阿散蒂地区采石场工人的噪音暴露程度及其对听力的影响。

方法

该研究涉及2012年4月至6月从阿散蒂地区五个采石场随机挑选的400名工人。通过结构化问卷、体格检查和听力评估收集数据。采用逻辑回归模型评估听力损失的独立预测因素。

结果

各采石场使用的所有机器产生的噪音均超过最低阈值，范围在85.5分贝至102.7分贝之间。176名（44%）研究受访者的听力阈值高于25分贝。其中分别有18%和2%的人有中度（41 - 55分贝）和重度（71 - 90分贝）听力受损。年龄、工作时长和耳塞的使用是听力损失发展的独立预测因素。使用耳塞对听力损失的发展显示出保护作用（比值比 = 0.45；95%置信区间 = [0.25, 0.84]）。