Knapen M H J, Braam L A J L M, Teunissen K J, Van't Hoofd C M, Zwijsen R M L, van den Heuvel E G H M, Vermeer C
R&D Group VitaK, Biopartner Center Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jul;70(7):831-6. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.3. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
In a previous human intervention study, we observed an improved vitamin K status after 8 weeks of intake of a yogurt that was fortified with vitamin K2 (as menaquinone-7, MK-7) and enriched with vitamins C and D3, magnesium and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It was hypothesized that the added nutrients contributed to this improvement. Here we report on a study in which we compared the fasting plasma concentrations of MK-7 from (a) yogurt enriched with MK-7, vitamins D3 and C, magnesium, n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and fish oil (yogurt Kplus), (b) yogurt fortified with MK-7 only (yogurt K) and (c) soft gel capsules containing only MK-7.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: For 42 days, healthy men and postmenopausal women between 45 and 65 years of age daily consumed either yogurt K, yogurt Kplus or capsules. Circulating MK-7, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and markers for vitamin K status (uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein (dp-ucMGP)) were assessed. Plasma MK-7 was also measured during the washout period of 2 weeks. MK-7 and dp-ucMGP were measured in citrated plasma, and 25(OH)D3 and ucOC were measured in the serum.
The increase in plasma MK-7 with the yogurt Kplus product was more pronounced than the increase in MK-7 with the capsules. Circulating dp-ucMGP and ucOC were significantly lowered after consumption of the yogurt products and the MK-7 capsules, reflecting vitamin K status improvement. No significant differences in fasting plasma concentrations of various biomarkers between the yogurts were found.
Dairy matrix and nutrient composition may affect MK-7 delivery and improvement of vitamin K status. Yogurt fortified with MK-7 is a suitable matrix to improve the nutritional status of the fat-soluble vitamins.
在之前的一项人体干预研究中，我们观察到摄入添加了维生素K2（甲萘醌-7，MK-7）、富含维生素C和D3、镁以及多不饱和脂肪酸的酸奶8周后，维生素K状态得到改善。据推测，添加的这些营养素促成了这一改善。在此，我们报告一项研究，在该研究中，我们比较了以下三种情况的空腹血浆中MK-7的浓度：(a) 添加了MK-7、维生素D3和C、镁、n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFA）和鱼油的酸奶（Kplus酸奶），(b) 仅添加了MK-7的酸奶（K酸奶），以及(c) 仅含有MK-7的软胶囊。
受试者/方法：45至65岁的健康男性和绝经后女性连续42天每天食用K酸奶、Kplus酸奶或胶囊。评估循环中的MK-7、25-羟基维生素D（25(OH)D）以及维生素K状态标志物（未羧化骨钙素（ucOC）和去磷酸化未羧化基质Gla蛋白（dp-ucMGP））。在2周的洗脱期也测量了血浆MK-7。MK-7和dp-ucMGP在枸橼酸盐血浆中测量，25(OH)D3和ucOC在血清中测量。
Kplus酸奶产品导致的血浆MK-7升高比胶囊导致的MK-7升高更明显。食用酸奶产品和MK-7胶囊后，循环中的dp-ucMGP和ucOC显著降低，反映出维生素K状态得到改善。未发现不同酸奶之间各种生物标志物的空腹血浆浓度有显著差异。
乳制品基质和营养成分可能会影响MK-7的传递以及维生素K状态的改善。添加了MK-7的酸奶是改善脂溶性维生素营养状况的合适基质。
