Tiberio F C S, Sampaio-E-Silva T A, Matos D M S, Antunes A Z
Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
Divisão de Dasonomia, Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Biol. 2016 Feb;76(1):66-72. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.12114. Epub 2016 Jan 22.
The introduction of a species may alter ecological processes of native populations, such as pollination and dispersal patterns, leading to changes in population structure. When the introduced and the native species are congeners, interference in pollination can also lead to hybridization. We aimed to understand the ecological aspects of Euterpe oleracea introduction in the Atlantic forest and the possible consequences for the conservation of the native congener Euterpe edulis. We analysed the population structure of palm populations, including hybrids, and observed the interaction with frugivorous birds of both palm species after E. oleracea introduction. We observed that E. edulis had significantly lower density and a smaller number of seedlings when occurring with E. oleracea. Native and introduced Euterpe species shared nine frugivorous bird species. E. oleracea and hybrids had dispersed outside the original planting area. Consequently, the risks of introduction of E. oleracea may mostly be related to the disruption of interactions between E. edulis and frugivorous birds and the spontaneous production of hybrids. Finally, the cultivation of E. oleracea and hybrids in Atlantic rainforest could affect the conservation of the already endangered E. edulis.
物种的引入可能会改变本地种群的生态过程，如授粉和传播模式，从而导致种群结构的变化。当引入物种和本地物种为同属物种时，授粉干扰也可能导致杂交。我们旨在了解油棕榈在大西洋森林中引入的生态方面，以及对本地同属物种食用棕榈保护的可能后果。我们分析了棕榈种群（包括杂交种）的种群结构，并观察了油棕榈引入后两种棕榈物种与食果鸟类的相互作用。我们观察到，当食用棕榈与油棕榈共存时，其密度显著降低，幼苗数量减少。本地和引入的油棕榈物种共有9种食果鸟类。油棕榈及其杂交种已扩散到原种植区域之外。因此，油棕榈引入的风险可能主要与食用棕榈和食果鸟类之间相互作用的破坏以及杂交种的自然产生有关。最后，在大西洋雨林中种植油棕榈及其杂交种可能会影响已经濒危的食用棕榈的保护。
