Rom Oren, Reznick Abraham Z
Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion; Efron St., 9649, Bat Galim, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;905:1-4. doi: 10.1007/5584_2015_195.
The history of stress research - milestones and people. Definitions and modern concepts of stress as well as the conflict between Hans Selye and the psychologists are described in this review. The molecular and physiological mechanisms of stress and their possible pharmacological intervention are introduced. The cycle of stress is presented as a new concept of the stress reaction, trying to bridge the gap between physiology and psychology. The cycle is a circular event in life, composed of 4 phases: (1) the resting ground phase, (2) the tension phase, (3) the response phase, and (4) the relief phase. In each phase, both physiological and psychological components can be assessed. These components are the basis for the proper handling of each phase and provide a unified model for the psycho-biological response to stress. In addition, parameters of the cycle such as frequency, duration, and intensity can be measured, providing an effective tool for stress management. Finally, modern techniques and mechanisms for coping with stress are discussed like the Norwegian Gate Theory and Lazarus Dichotomy Model for the Stress Reaction. In the above models, specific examples of how people respond to the first time encounter of stressful events and how soldiers cope with stress are presented.
应激研究的历史——里程碑与人物。本综述描述了应激的定义和现代概念，以及汉斯·塞尔耶与心理学家之间的冲突。介绍了应激的分子和生理机制及其可能的药物干预。应激循环作为应激反应的一个新概念被提出，试图弥合生理学与心理学之间的差距。该循环是生活中的一个循环事件，由四个阶段组成：(1) 静止阶段，(2) 紧张阶段，(3) 反应阶段，以及 (4) 缓解阶段。在每个阶段，生理和心理成分都可以被评估。这些成分是正确处理每个阶段的基础，并为对应激的心理生物学反应提供了一个统一的模型。此外，循环的参数，如频率、持续时间和强度，可以被测量，为应激管理提供了一个有效的工具。最后，讨论了应对应激的现代技术和机制，如挪威门理论和拉扎勒斯应激反应二分法模型。在上述模型中，呈现了人们首次遇到应激事件时的反应以及士兵应对应激的具体例子。
