Perspectives on respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn.

In summary, strategies for the metabolic and respiratory support of premature infants with HMD have been developed over the last 30 years. Most infants with a birth weight over 1000 g survive with supportive care. Surfactant treatments are an important addition that should decrease the need for respiratory support. Other problems of prematurity remain, although an improvement in respiratory care appears to simplify the care overall. Many practical aspects of the treatment of infants with surfactant must yet be evaluated. If surfactant therapy proves to be efficacious and safe, it may ultimately be a major advance in the care of premature infants with HMD.