Nwabuzor Ogbonnaya Ijeoma, Kohl Patricia L
1 San Diego State University, CA, USA.
2 Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2018 Sep;33(18):2802-2825. doi: 10.1177/0886260516632352. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
Over the past 10 years, there has been a significant decline in the rate of domestic violence (DV) experienced among caregivers involved with the child protective services (CPS) system. It is unclear whether this shift is related to changes in caregiver characteristics. Furthermore, despite evidence that suggests CPS caseworkers poorly identify DV and fail to link families to DV services, limited research exists on whether the current CPS interventions that are known to improve caseworkers' DV identification will also improve chances for DV service receipt. The present study uses data from the first and second cohorts of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW) to compare differences in demographic characteristics and DV experiences between caregivers in NSCAW I (1999-2000; n = 2,758) and NSCAW II (2008-2009; n = 2,207). We also examine the effects of CPS interventions on NSCAW II caregivers' receipt of DV services external to the CPS agency (i.e., external DV services). Caregivers with caseworker reports of active DV in NSCAW I and II were similar in their demographic characteristics and external DV service experiences. However, caregivers in NSCAW II generally reported lower rates of victimization for specific types of violence than NSCAW I caregivers. Finally, caregivers with active DV involved with an agency that used DV assessment tools were 7.03 times more likely to receive external DV services than those in agencies without DV tools (95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.33, 21.22]). Whereas caregivers in agencies that sometimes (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.99]) or always (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = [0.02, 0.98]) had a DV specialist available were less likely to receive external DV services than those in an agency that never/rarely had a DV specialist available. We recommend CPS agencies use specialized assessment tools to identify DV-affected families and link them to services. Additional research is needed to understand what types of services DV specialists offer within CPS agencies and whether these services meet caregivers' needs.
在过去10年里，参与儿童保护服务（CPS）系统的照料者遭受家庭暴力（DV）的比率显著下降。目前尚不清楚这种变化是否与照料者特征的改变有关。此外，尽管有证据表明CPS的个案工作者难以识别家庭暴力，并且未能将家庭与家庭暴力服务机构联系起来，但对于目前已知能提高个案工作者家庭暴力识别能力的CPS干预措施是否也能增加接受家庭暴力服务的机会，相关研究却很有限。本研究使用了全国儿童和青少年福祉调查（NSCAW）第一批和第二批队列的数据，以比较NSCAW I（1999 - 2000年；n = 2758）和NSCAW II（2008 - 2009年；n = 2207）中照料者在人口统计学特征和家庭暴力经历方面的差异。我们还研究了CPS干预措施对NSCAW II中照料者获得CPS机构外部家庭暴力服务（即外部家庭暴力服务）的影响。NSCAW I和II中被个案工作者报告存在实际家庭暴力行为的照料者在人口统计学特征和外部家庭暴力服务经历方面相似。然而，NSCAW II中的照料者报告的特定类型暴力受害率总体上低于NSCAW I中的照料者。最后，参与使用家庭暴力评估工具的机构的实际遭受家庭暴力的照料者接受外部家庭暴力服务的可能性是未使用该工具机构中照料者的7.03倍（95%置信区间[CI] = [2.33, 21.22]）。而有时（优势比[OR] = 0.16，95% CI = [0.03, 0.99]）或总是（OR = 0.15，95% CI = [0.02, 0.98]）有家庭暴力专家的机构中的照料者，比从未/很少有家庭暴力专家的机构中的照料者获得外部家庭暴力服务的可能性更小。我们建议CPS机构使用专门的评估工具来识别受家庭暴力影响的家庭，并将他们与服务机构联系起来。需要进一步研究以了解家庭暴力专家在CPS机构中提供哪些类型的服务，以及这些服务是否满足照料者的需求。
