Damilou Angeliki, Apostolakis Sotirios, Thrapsanioti Eleftheria, Theleritis Christos, Smyrnis Nikolaos
Laboratory of Sensorimotor Control, University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece.
Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Psychophysiology. 2016 Jun;53(6):796-805. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12630. Epub 2016 Feb 23.
Detailed analysis of oculomotor function phenotypes in antisaccade, smooth eye pursuit, and active fixation tasks was performed in a sample of 44 patients with schizophrenia, 34 patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and 45 matched healthy controls. A common pattern of performance deficits in both schizophrenia and OCD emerged including higher antisaccade error rate, increased latency for corrective antisaccades, as well as higher rates of unwanted saccades in smooth eye pursuit compared to healthy controls. This common pattern could be related to the dysfunction of a network of cognitive control that is present in both disorders, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex. In contrast, only patients with schizophrenia showed a specific increase for correct antisaccade mean latency and the intrasubject variability of latency for error prosaccades as well as a decrease in the gain for smooth eye pursuit, suggesting a specific deficit in saccadic motor control and the frontal eye field in schizophrenia that is not present in OCD. A specific deficit in fixation stability (increased frequency of unwanted saccades during active fixation) was observed only for OCD patients pointing to a deficit in the frontostriatal network controlling fixation. This deficit was pronounced for OCD patients receiving additional antipsychotic medication. In conclusion, oculomotor function showed shared and distinct patterns of deviance for schizophrenia and OCD pointing toward shared and specific neurobiological substrates for these psychiatric disorders.
对44名精神分裂症患者、34名强迫症（OCD）患者和45名匹配的健康对照者进行了反扫视、平稳眼球跟踪和主动注视任务中动眼功能表型的详细分析。精神分裂症和强迫症患者均出现了共同的表现缺陷模式，包括反扫视错误率更高、纠正性反扫视潜伏期延长，以及与健康对照相比，平稳眼球跟踪中不必要扫视的发生率更高。这种共同模式可能与这两种疾病中都存在的认知控制网络功能障碍有关，包括背外侧前额叶皮层、顶叶后皮层和前扣带回皮层。相比之下，只有精神分裂症患者的正确反扫视平均潜伏期和错误前扫视潜伏期的个体内变异性有特定增加，以及平稳眼球跟踪增益降低，这表明精神分裂症患者在扫视运动控制和额叶眼区存在特定缺陷，而强迫症患者不存在。仅在强迫症患者中观察到注视稳定性的特定缺陷（主动注视期间不必要扫视的频率增加），表明控制注视的额纹状体网络存在缺陷。接受额外抗精神病药物治疗的强迫症患者这种缺陷更为明显。总之，动眼功能在精神分裂症和强迫症中表现出共同和不同的异常模式，指向这些精神疾病共同和特定的神经生物学底物。
