Zha Daiming, Yan Yunjun
Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2015 Nov 4;55(11):1378-84.
Microbial lipases are major sources of commercial ones, which have been extensively used in a wide variety of industrial fields, such as foods, beverages, lipids, detergents, feeds, textiles, leathers, advanced materials, fine chemicals, medicines, cosmetics, papermaking, pollution treatment, and bioenergy. Compared with fungal lipases, bacterial lipases have more types of reactions and exhibit higher activity and better stability in aqueous or organic phases. Amongst bacterial lipases, the most excellent ones are those originating from the genus Pseudomonas. So far, the conventional strategies, such as traditional breeding, optimization of medium and fermentation conditions, cannot fundamentally solve the problem of low production of bacterial lipases. Construction of genetically engineered strains to efficiently overexpress their own lipases is an effective solution. But it must base on clarifying molecular regulation mechanism of lipase gene expression and further finding out key regulators. In this article, we reviewed the progress in expression regulation of bacterial lipase genes from the aspects of direct regulators, quorum sensing system, Gac/Rsm signal transduction system, regulators controlling the Gac/Rsm system, and other regulators. To provide a useful reference for the construction of genetically engineered strains, we also discussed a research prospect in this field based on our ongoing research.
微生物脂肪酶是商业脂肪酶的主要来源，已广泛应用于各种工业领域，如食品、饮料、脂质、洗涤剂、饲料、纺织品、皮革、先进材料、精细化学品、药品、化妆品、造纸、污染处理和生物能源等。与真菌脂肪酶相比，细菌脂肪酶具有更多类型的反应，并且在水相或有机相中表现出更高的活性和更好的稳定性。在细菌脂肪酶中，最优秀的是那些源自假单胞菌属的脂肪酶。到目前为止，传统策略，如传统育种、培养基和发酵条件的优化，都不能从根本上解决细菌脂肪酶产量低的问题。构建基因工程菌株以高效过量表达其自身的脂肪酶是一种有效的解决方案。但这必须基于阐明脂肪酶基因表达的分子调控机制，并进一步找出关键调控因子。在本文中，我们从直接调控因子、群体感应系统、Gac/Rsm信号转导系统、控制Gac/Rsm系统的调控因子以及其他调控因子等方面综述了细菌脂肪酶基因表达调控的研究进展。为了给基因工程菌株的构建提供有用的参考，我们还基于我们正在进行的研究讨论了该领域的研究前景。
