Margvelashvili Ann, Zollikofer Christoph P E, Lordkipanidze David, Tafforeau Paul, Ponce de León Marcia S
Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland.
Georgian National Museum, Purtseladze 3, Tbilisi, 0105, Georgia.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2016 Jun;160(2):229-53. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22966. Epub 2016 Feb 26.
Due to the scarcity of the fossil record, in vivo changes in the dentognathic system of early Homo are typically documented at the level of individual fossil specimens, and it remains difficult to draw population-level inferences about dietary habits, diet-related activities and lifestyle from individual patterns of dentognathic alterations. The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, offers a unique opportunity to study in vivo changes in the dentognathic system of individuals belonging to a single paleodeme of early Homo.
We analyze dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi sample, and in comparative samples of modern Australian and Greenlander hunter-gatherer populations, applying clinical protocols of dentognathic diagnostics.
The Dmanisi hominins exhibit a similarly wide diversity and similar incidence of dentognathic pathologies as the modern human hunter-gatherer population samples investigated here. Dmanisi differs from the modern population samples in several respects: At young age tooth wear is already advanced, and pathologies are more prevalent. At old age, hypercementosis is substantial.
Results indicate that dentognathic pathologies and disease trajectories are largely similar in early Homo and modern humans, but that the disease load was higher in early Homo, probably as an effect of higher overall stress on the dentognathic system. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:229-253, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
由于化石记录稀少，早期人类牙颌系统的活体变化通常在单个化石标本层面进行记录，而从牙颌改变的个体模式推断饮食习惯、与饮食相关的活动和生活方式的群体水平情况仍然困难。来自格鲁吉亚德马尼西的上新世 - 更新世古人类样本，年代可追溯至177万年前，为研究属于早期人类单一古群体的个体牙颌系统的活体变化提供了独特机会。
我们运用牙颌诊断的临床方案，分析德马尼西样本以及现代澳大利亚和格陵兰岛狩猎采集人群的对比样本中的牙颌病理情况。
德马尼西古人类表现出与我们在此研究的现代人类狩猎采集人群样本相似的广泛多样性和牙颌病理发生率。德马尼西在几个方面与现代人群样本不同：在年轻时牙齿磨损就已很严重，且病理情况更为普遍。在老年时，牙骨质增生情况严重。
结果表明，早期人类和现代人类的牙颌病理及疾病轨迹在很大程度上相似，但早期人类的疾病负担更高，这可能是牙颌系统总体压力更大的结果。《美国体质人类学杂志》160:229 - 253, 2016年。© 2016威利期刊公司。
