Lorencatto Fabiana, Harper Alice M, Francis Jill J, Lawrenson John G
Centre for Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK.
Centre for Public Health Research, School of Health Sciences, City University London, London, UK.
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016 Jul;36(4):494-502. doi: 10.1111/opo.12290. Epub 2016 Feb 26.
Smoking is a risk factor for a number of eye conditions, including age-related macular degeneration, cataracts and thyroid eye disease. Smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be highly cost-effective when delivered by a range of healthcare professionals. Optometrists are well placed to deliver smoking cessation advice to a wide population of otherwise healthy smokers. Yet optometrists remain a relatively neglected healthcare professional group in smoking cessation research and policy. Surveys of UK medical/nursing schools and of optometrists' training internationally demonstrate significant deficits in current curricular coverage regarding smoking cessation. This study aimed to identify the extent of smoking cessation training in UK optometry trainees' undergraduate and pre-registration training.
All undergraduate optometry schools in the UK (n = 9) were invited to participate in a web-based survey of their curricular coverage and assessment related to smoking cessation, and of perceived barriers to delivering smoking cessation training. A content analysis of the College of Optometrists Scheme for Registration Trainee Handbook 2014 was conducted to identify competence indicators related to smoking cessation.
Nine undergraduate optometry schools (100%) responded to the survey. The majority reported dedicating limited hours (0-3) to teaching smoking cessation, and predominantly focused on teaching the harmful effects of smoking (89%). Only one school provides practical skills training for delivering evidence-based smoking cessation interventions, including very brief advice. The majority of schools (78%) reported that they did not formally examine students on their knowledge or skills for supporting smoking cessation, and rated confidence in their graduates' abilities to deliver smoking cessation interventions as 'poor' (78%). Lack of knowledge amongst staff was identified as the key barrier to teaching about smoking cessation support. The pre-registration competency framework does not include any competence indicators related to providing support for quitting smoking.
There are substantial gaps in the current curricula of UK optometry training, particularly regarding practical skills for supporting smoking cessation. Increased curricular coverage of these issues is essential to ensure trainee optometrists are adequately trained and competent in supporting patients to quit smoking.
吸烟是多种眼部疾病的危险因素，包括年龄相关性黄斑变性、白内障和甲状腺眼病。戒烟干预措施已被证明，由一系列医疗保健专业人员实施时具有很高的成本效益。验光师非常适合为广大健康吸烟者群体提供戒烟建议。然而，在戒烟研究和政策方面，验光师仍然是一个相对被忽视的医疗保健专业群体。对英国医学院/护理学院以及国际验光师培训的调查表明，目前课程中关于戒烟的覆盖范围存在重大缺陷。本研究旨在确定英国验光专业实习生在本科和注册前培训中戒烟培训的程度。
邀请英国所有本科验光学校（n = 9）参与一项基于网络的调查，内容涉及与戒烟相关的课程覆盖范围和评估，以及提供戒烟培训的感知障碍。对2014年验光师注册培训手册计划进行了内容分析，以确定与戒烟相关的能力指标。
9所本科验光学校（100%）回复了调查。大多数学校报告用于教授戒烟的时间有限（0 - 3小时），并且主要侧重于教授吸烟的有害影响（89%）。只有一所学校提供基于证据的戒烟干预措施（包括非常简短的建议）的实践技能培训。大多数学校（78%）报告称，他们没有对学生关于支持戒烟的知识或技能进行正式考核，并将对其毕业生提供戒烟干预措施能力的信心评为“差”（78%）。工作人员知识不足被确定为教授戒烟支持的关键障碍。注册前能力框架不包括任何与提供戒烟支持相关的能力指标。
英国验光培训目前的课程存在重大差距，特别是在支持戒烟的实践技能方面。增加这些问题的课程覆盖对于确保验光专业实习生在支持患者戒烟方面得到充分培训并具备能力至关重要。
