Bhatia Aashim, Pruthi Sumit
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Monroe Carell, Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
Indian J Pediatr. 2016 Sep;83(9):983-94. doi: 10.1007/s12098-015-1982-1. Epub 2016 Feb 27.
Despite being as common as brain tumors in children, lack of awareness of pediatric stroke presents unique challenges, both in terms of diagnosis and management. Due to diverse and overlapping risk factors, as well as variable clinical presentations, the diagnosis can be either missed or frequently delayed. Early recognition and treatment of pediatric stroke is however critical in optimizing long-term functional outcomes, reducing morbidity and mortality, and preventing recurrent stroke. Neuroimaging plays a vital role in achieving this goal. The advancements in imaging over the last two decades have allowed for multiple modality options for suspected stroke with more accurate diagnosis, as well as quicker turnaround time in imaging diagnosis, especially at primary stroke centers. However, with the multiple imaging possibilities, referring physicians can be overwhelmed with the best option for each clinical situation and what the literature recommends. Here the authors review the etiology of pediatric stroke in the settings of arterial ischemia, hemorrhage, and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT), with emphasis on the best diagnostic tools available, including advanced imaging techniques.
尽管小儿中风在儿童中与脑肿瘤一样常见，但对其认识不足在诊断和管理方面都带来了独特的挑战。由于风险因素多样且相互重叠，临床表现也各不相同，诊断可能会被遗漏或经常延迟。然而，小儿中风的早期识别和治疗对于优化长期功能结局、降低发病率和死亡率以及预防复发性中风至关重要。神经影像学在实现这一目标中起着至关重要的作用。过去二十年来成像技术的进步为疑似中风提供了多种检查方式，诊断更准确，成像诊断周转时间更快，尤其是在初级中风中心。然而，由于有多种成像可能性，转诊医生可能会对针对每种临床情况的最佳选择以及文献推荐感到不知所措。在此，作者回顾了动脉缺血、出血和脑静脉窦血栓形成（CSVT）情况下小儿中风的病因，重点介绍了可用的最佳诊断工具，包括先进的成像技术。
