Hole Camaron, Wormley Floyd L
Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
The South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
J Microbiol. 2016 Mar;54(3):202-11. doi: 10.1007/s12275-016-5625-7. Epub 2016 Feb 27.
Cryptococcus neoformans, the predominant etiological agent of cryptococcosis, can cause life-threatening infections of the central nervous system in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis is the most common disseminated fungal infection in AIDS patients, and remains the third most common invasive fungal infection among organ transplant recipients. The administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases of AIDS-related cryptococcosis in developed countries, but in developing countries where HAART is not readily available, Cryptococcus is still a major concern. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of novel therapies and/or vaccines to combat cryptococcosis. Understanding the protective immune responses against Cryptococcus is critical for development of vaccines and immunotherapies to combat cryptococcosis. Consequently, this review focuses on our current knowledge of protective immune responses to C. neoformans, with an emphasis on innate immune responses.
新型隐球菌是隐球菌病的主要病原体，可在免疫功能低下和免疫功能正常的个体中引起危及生命的中枢神经系统感染。隐球菌性脑膜脑炎是艾滋病患者中最常见的播散性真菌感染，在器官移植受者中仍是第三常见的侵袭性真菌感染。高效抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的应用导致发达国家艾滋病相关隐球菌病病例数减少，但在HAART不易获得的发展中国家，隐球菌仍然是一个主要问题。因此，迫切需要开发新的治疗方法和/或疫苗来对抗隐球菌病。了解针对隐球菌的保护性免疫反应对于开发对抗隐球菌病的疫苗和免疫疗法至关重要。因此，本综述重点关注我们目前对新型隐球菌保护性免疫反应的认识，重点是固有免疫反应。
