Electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry of neuropeptide Y immunoreactive innervation of vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus.

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactive synaptic input to neurons containing neurophysin II (NP II), the carrier protein of vasopressin (VP), was observed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus by double-labeling immunocytochemistry combining the preembedding peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method with the postembedding immunogold staining method at the electron-microscopic level. NPY-like immunoreactivities were detected by the PAP method in the dense granular vesicles (70-100 nm in diameter) in the immunoreactive presynaptic axon terminals. NP II-like immunoreactive large neurosecretory granules labeled with gold particles were found in the neurons receiving synaptic input of the NPY-like immunoreactive terminals. This suggests that NPY may be a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator and that NPY neurons may, through synaptic contacts, regulate the secretion of VP neurons.