Farina Dario, Amsüss Sebastian
a Department of Neurorehabilitation Engineering, Bernstein Focus Neurotechnology Göttingen, Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience , Georg-August University of Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.
b Department of Translational Research , Otto Bock Healthcare Products GmbH , Vienna , Austria.
Expert Rev Med Devices. 2016;13(4):321-4. doi: 10.1586/17434440.2016.1159511. Epub 2016 Mar 16.
Despite progress in research and media attention on active upper limb prostheses, presently the most common commercial upper limb prosthetic devices are not fundamentally different from solutions offered almost one century ago. Limited information transfer for both control and sensory-motor integration and challenges in socket technology have been major obstacles. By analysing the present state-of-the-art and academic achievements, we provide our opinion on the future of upper limb prostheses. We believe that surgical procedures for muscle reinnervation and osseointegration will become increasingly clinically relevant; muscle electrical signals will remain the main clinical means for prosthetic control; and chronic electrode implants, first in muscles (control), then in nerves (sensory feedback), will become viable clinical solutions. After decades of suspended clinically relevant progress, it is foreseeable that a new generation of upper limb prostheses will enter the market in the near future based on such advances, thereby offering substantial clinical benefit for patients.
尽管在主动上肢假肢的研究方面取得了进展，且媒体也给予了关注，但目前最常见的商用上肢假肢设备与近一个世纪前提供的解决方案并无本质区别。控制和感觉运动整合方面有限的信息传递以及套接技术面临的挑战一直是主要障碍。通过分析当前的技术水平和学术成果，我们对上肢假肢的未来发表看法。我们认为，肌肉再支配和骨整合的外科手术在临床上将变得越来越重要；肌肉电信号仍将是假肢控制的主要临床手段；慢性电极植入，首先是植入肌肉（用于控制），然后是植入神经（用于感觉反馈），将成为可行的临床解决方案。在几十年临床相关进展停滞不前之后，可以预见，基于这些进展，新一代上肢假肢将在不久的将来进入市场，从而为患者带来巨大的临床益处。
