Tregillus Katherine E M, Werner John S, Webster Michael A
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2016 Mar;33(3):A129-36. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.33.00A129.
Color perception is known to remain largely stable across the lifespan despite the pronounced changes in sensitivity from factors such as the progressive brunescence of the lens. However, the mechanisms and timescales controlling these compensatory adjustments are still poorly understood. In a series of experiments, we tracked adaptation in observers after introducing a sudden change in lens density by having observers wear glasses with yellow filters that approximated the average spectral transmittance of a 70-year-old lens. Individuals were young adults and wore the glasses for 5 days for 8 h per day while engaged in their normal activities. Achromatic settings were measured on a CRT before and after each daily exposure with the lenses on and off, and were preceded by 5 min of dark adaptation to control for short-term chromatic adaptation. During each day, there was a large shift in the white settings consistent with a partial compensation for the added lens density. However, there was little to no evidence of an afterimage at the end of each daily session, and participants’ perceptual nulls were roughly aligned with the nulls for short-term chromatic adaptation, suggesting a rapid renormalization when the lenses were removed. The long-term drift was also extinguished by brief exposure to a white adapting field. The results point to distinct timescales and potentially distinct mechanisms compensating for changes in the chromatic sensitivity of the observer.
尽管晶状体渐进性变黄等因素会导致敏感度发生显著变化,但颜色感知在整个生命周期中基本保持稳定。然而,控制这些补偿性调整的机制和时间尺度仍知之甚少。在一系列实验中,我们通过让观察者佩戴带有黄色滤光片的眼镜来模拟70岁晶状体的平均光谱透过率,从而在晶状体密度突然变化后追踪观察者的适应性变化。参与者为年轻成年人,他们在正常活动时每天佩戴眼镜8小时,持续5天。在每天佩戴和摘下眼镜前后,在阴极射线管(CRT)上测量消色差设置,并在测量前进行5分钟的暗适应以控制短期颜色适应。在每一天中,白色设置都有很大的变化,这与对增加的晶状体密度的部分补偿一致。然而,在每天实验结束时几乎没有或没有后像的证据,并且参与者的感知零点大致与短期颜色适应的零点对齐,这表明摘下眼镜后会迅速重新归一化。通过短暂暴露于白色适应场,长期漂移也会消失。结果表明,存在不同的时间尺度以及可能不同的机制来补偿观察者颜色敏感度的变化。