Kravets Igor
Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2016 Mar 1;93(5):363-70.
Hyperthyroidism is an excessive concentration of thyroid hormones in tissues caused by increased synthesis of thyroid hormones, excessive release of preformed thyroid hormones, or an endogenous or exogenous extrathyroidal source. The most common causes of an excessive production of thyroid hormones are Graves disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and toxic adenoma. The most common cause of an excessive passive release of thyroid hormones is painless (silent) thyroiditis, although its clinical presentation is the same as with other causes. Hyperthyroidism caused by overproduction of thyroid hormones can be treated with antithyroid medications (methimazole and propylthiouracil), radioactive iodine ablation of the thyroid gland, or surgical thyroidectomy. Radioactive iodine ablation is the most widely used treatment in the United States. The choice of treatment depends on the underlying diagnosis, the presence of contraindications to a particular treatment modality, the severity of hyperthyroidism, and the patient's preference.
甲状腺功能亢进症是指由于甲状腺激素合成增加、预先形成的甲状腺激素过度释放，或内源性或外源性甲状腺外来源导致组织中甲状腺激素浓度过高。甲状腺激素过度产生的最常见原因是格雷夫斯病、毒性多结节性甲状腺肿和毒性腺瘤。甲状腺激素被动过度释放的最常见原因是无痛性（寂静性）甲状腺炎，尽管其临床表现与其他原因相同。甲状腺激素产生过多引起的甲状腺功能亢进症可用抗甲状腺药物（甲巯咪唑和丙硫氧嘧啶）、甲状腺放射性碘消融或手术甲状腺切除术治疗。放射性碘消融是美国使用最广泛的治疗方法。治疗方法的选择取决于潜在诊断、特定治疗方式的禁忌证、甲状腺功能亢进症的严重程度以及患者的偏好。
