Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School.
J Natl Med Assoc. 2016 Feb;108(1):45-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jnma.2015.12.007.
This research had institutional review board approval from the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey and the State of New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services. IRB #0120110286 BACKGROUND: The death rate during the first year of life, or infant mortality rate (IMR), is a key indicator of a nation's health. Many factors affect IMR in the United States, including race and ethnicity. The 2020 U.S. Healthy People IMR target goal has been revised to 6.0 deaths per 1,000 births. In 2006, the IMR in New Jersey was 5.5 deaths per 1,000 births, ranging from 4.4 for Caucasians, to 11.5 for African Americans.
This study is designed to determine whether IMRs vary by zip code in the greater Newark region and identify maternal/infant characteristics associated with elevated IMRs.
A descriptive study was conducted using New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) birth certificate data and U.S. Census data by zip code in the greater Newark area. IMRs were analyzed by zip code and by characteristics of mothers and infants.
IMRs vary by zip code of residence. The lowest and highest IMRs were in zip codes 07105 and 07102, respectively, both located within the city of Newark. Maternal characteristics associated with high IMR, in multivariable analysis, include: lack of prenatal care, single marital status, and non-Hispanic black race. Demographic characteristics associated with high IMRs were: low mean household income and a large percentage of the population living below poverty level.
Race/ethnicity, marital status, and zip code of residence show significant impact upon infant mortality. Poverty and race/ethnicity are associated with increased IMRs and track to ZIP code.
这项研究得到了新泽西大学医学院和新泽西州卫生和老年人服务部机构审查委员会的批准。IRB #0120110286
婴儿死亡率（IMR）是衡量一个国家健康水平的关键指标，它指的是婴儿在出生后第一年内的死亡率。在美国，许多因素都会影响 IMR，包括种族和民族。2020 年美国《健康人民》的 IMR 目标已修订为每 1000 例活产婴儿死亡 6.0 例。2006 年，新泽西州的 IMR 为每 1000 例活产婴儿死亡 5.5 例，从白种人（每 1000 例活产婴儿死亡 4.4 例）到非裔美国人（每 1000 例活产婴儿死亡 11.5 例）不等。
本研究旨在确定纽瓦克大都市区的邮政编码是否存在 IMR 差异，并确定与 IMR 升高相关的母婴特征。
本研究采用新泽西州卫生部（NJDOH）出生证明数据和纽瓦克大都市区的美国人口普查数据，通过邮政编码进行描述性研究。按邮政编码和母亲与婴儿的特征分析 IMR。
IMR 因居住的邮政编码而异。最低和最高的 IMR 分别位于纽瓦克市的邮政编码 07105 和 07102。在多变量分析中，与高 IMR 相关的产妇特征包括：缺乏产前护理、单身婚姻状况和非西班牙裔黑人种族。与高 IMR 相关的人口统计学特征包括：家庭平均收入低和生活在贫困线以下的人口比例大。
种族/民族、婚姻状况和居住的邮政编码对婴儿死亡率有显著影响。贫困和种族/民族与 IMR 增加有关，并与邮政编码相关。
