运动诱导的体温过高后对冷水淋浴降温的生理和感知反应。

Physiologic and Perceptual Responses to Cold-Shower Cooling After Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia.

作者信息

Butts Cory L, McDermott Brendon P, Buening Brian J, Bonacci Jeffrey A, Ganio Matthew S, Adams J D, Tucker Matthew A, Kavouras Stavros A

机构信息

University of Arkansas, Fayetteville;

Indiana State University, Terre Haute.

出版信息

J Athl Train. 2016 Mar;51(3):252-7. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.01. Epub 2016 Mar 4.

DOI:10.4085/1062-6050-51.4.01

PMID:26942657

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4852530/

Abstract

CONTEXT

Exercise conducted in hot, humid environments increases the risk for exertional heat stroke (EHS). The current recommended treatment of EHS is cold-water immersion; however, limitations may require the use of alternative resources such as a cold shower (CS) or dousing with a hose to cool EHS patients.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the cooling effectiveness of a CS after exercise-induced hyperthermia.

DESIGN

Randomized, crossover controlled study.

SETTING

Environmental chamber (temperature = 33.4°C ± 2.1°C; relative humidity = 27.1% ± 1.4%).

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS

Seventeen participants (10 male, 7 female; height = 1.75 ± 0.07 m, body mass = 70.4 ± 8.7 kg, body surface area = 1.85 ± 0.13 m(2), age range = 19-35 years) volunteered.

INTERVENTION(S): On 2 occasions, participants completed matched-intensity volitional exercise on an ergometer or treadmill to elevate rectal temperature to ≥39°C or until participant fatigue prevented continuation (reaching at least 38.5°C). They were then either treated with a CS (20.8°C ± 0.80°C) or seated in the chamber (control [CON] condition) for 15 minutes.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Rectal temperature, calculated cooling rate, heart rate, and perceptual measures (thermal sensation and perceived muscle pain).

RESULTS

The rectal temperature (P = .98), heart rate (P = .85), thermal sensation (P = .69), and muscle pain (P = .31) were not different during exercise for the CS and CON trials (P > .05). Overall, the cooling rate was faster during CS (0.07°C/min ± 0.03°C/min) than during CON (0.04°C/min ± 0.03°C/min; t16 = 2.77, P = .01). Heart-rate changes were greater during CS (45 ± 20 beats per minute) compared with CON (27 ± 10 beats per minute; t16 = 3.32, P = .004). Thermal sensation was reduced to a greater extent with CS than with CON (F3,45 = 41.12, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS

Although the CS facilitated cooling rates faster than no treatment, clinicians should continue to advocate for accepted cooling modalities and use CS only if no other validated means of cooling are available.

摘要

背景

在炎热潮湿环境中进行运动，会增加劳力性热射病（EHS）的风险。目前推荐的EHS治疗方法是冷水浸泡；然而，存在的局限性可能需要使用其他资源，如冷水淋浴（CS）或用软管浇水来为EHS患者降温。

目的

研究运动诱导体温过高后冷水淋浴的降温效果。

设计

随机交叉对照研究。

设置

环境舱（温度 = 33.4°C ± 2.1°C；相对湿度 = 27.1% ± 1.4%）。

患者或其他参与者

17名参与者（10名男性，7名女性；身高 = 1.75 ± 0.07米，体重 = 70.4 ± 8.7千克，体表面积 = 1.85 ± 0.13平方米，年龄范围 = 19 - 35岁）自愿参与。

干预措施

参与者在2个不同时间段，在测力计或跑步机上完成强度匹配的自主运动，以使直肠温度升高至≥39°C或直到参与者因疲劳无法继续（至少达到38.5°C）。然后他们要么接受冷水淋浴（20.8°C ± 0.80°C）治疗，要么坐在舱内（对照[CON]组）15分钟。

主要观察指标

直肠温度、计算得出的降温速率、心率和感知指标（热感觉和肌肉疼痛感知）。

结果

在冷水淋浴和对照组试验的运动过程中，直肠温度（P = 0.98）、心率（P = 0.85）、热感觉（P = 0.69）和肌肉疼痛（P = 0.31）无差异（P > 0.05）。总体而言，冷水淋浴期间的降温速率（0.07°C/分钟 ± 0.03°C/分钟）比对照组（0.04°C/分钟 ± 0.03°C/分钟；t16 = 2.77，P = 0.01）更快。与对照组（27 ± 10次/分钟；t16 = 3.32，P = 0.004）相比，冷水淋浴期间心率变化更大（45 ± 20次/分钟）。与对照组相比，冷水淋浴使热感觉降低的程度更大（F3,45 = 41.12，P < 0.001）。