Quaranta Nicola, Bartoli Roberto, Quaranta Antonio
a From the ENT Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
b Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
Acta Otolaryngol. 2004 Apr;124 Suppl 552:68-73. doi: 10.1080/03655230410017120.
Cochlear implants (CI) represent the current treatment for patients affected by profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Initially only deaf adult patients were considered to be candidates for a CI; however, the development of technology and matured experience have expanded the indications for cochlear implantation. Today, CIs are implanted in adults and children and broader indications are followed. There are, however, a number of patients who do not completely fulfill the current indications and who are potential candidates for CI. The duration of deafness and residual hearing represent prognostic indicators for CI performance; however, the candidacy of children with residual hearing and prelingually deafened adults are still under debate. Anatomical variants such as cochlear ossification, cochlear malformation and chronic otitis media represented and still represent for some surgeons a contraindication to CI. The otological experience of CI surgeons and the advent of auditory brainstem implants have changed the approach to these patients, who may still benefit from hearing rehabilitation. This paper briefly analyses and reviews the results obtained in these groups of patients, who were not, at least initially, considered to be candidates for cochlear implantation.
人工耳蜗（CI）是目前治疗重度感音神经性听力损失（SNHL）患者的方法。最初，只有成年聋人患者被认为是人工耳蜗植入的候选人；然而，技术的发展和经验的成熟扩大了人工耳蜗植入的适应症。如今，人工耳蜗植入于成人和儿童，遵循更广泛的适应症。然而，仍有一些患者不完全符合当前的适应症，但却是人工耳蜗植入的潜在候选人。耳聋持续时间和残余听力是人工耳蜗性能的预后指标；然而，有残余听力的儿童和语前聋成人的候选资格仍存在争议。诸如耳蜗骨化、耳蜗畸形和慢性中耳炎等解剖变异过去是、现在对一些外科医生来说仍然是人工耳蜗植入的禁忌症。人工耳蜗外科医生的耳科经验以及听觉脑干植入物的出现改变了对这些患者的治疗方法，他们仍可能从听力康复中受益。本文简要分析和回顾了这些最初至少不被认为是人工耳蜗植入候选人的患者群体所取得的结果。
