Jiang Yanyan, Stenzel Martina
Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry and School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, UNSW, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Macromol Biosci. 2016 Jun;16(6):791-802. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201500453. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
Albumin has been a popular building block to create nanoparticles for drug delivery purposes. The performance of albumin as a drug carrier can be enhanced by combining protein with polymers, which allows the design of carriers to encompass a broader spectrum of drugs while features unique to synthetic polymers such as stimuli-responsiveness are introduced. Nanoparticles based on polymer-albumin hybrids can be divided into two classes: one that carries album as a bioactive surface coating and the other that uses albumin as biocompatible, although nonbioactive, building block. Nanoparticles with bioactive albumin surface coating can either be prepared by self-assembly of albumin-polymer conjugates or by postcoating of existing nanoparticles with albumin. Albumin has also been used as building block, either in its native or denatured form. Existing albumin nanoparticles are coated with polymers, which can influence the degradation of albumin or impact on the drug release. Finally, an alternative way of using albumin by denaturing the protein to generate a highly functional chain, which can be modified with polymer, has been presented. These albumin nanoparticles are designed to be extremely versatile so that they can deliver a wide variety of drugs, including traditional hydrophobic drugs, metal-based drugs and even therapeutic proteins and siRNA.
白蛋白一直是用于制备药物递送纳米颗粒的常用构建材料。通过将蛋白质与聚合物结合，可以增强白蛋白作为药物载体的性能，这使得载体的设计能够涵盖更广泛的药物种类，同时引入了合成聚合物特有的特性，如刺激响应性。基于聚合物-白蛋白杂化物的纳米颗粒可分为两类：一类将白蛋白作为生物活性表面涂层，另一类将白蛋白用作生物相容性（尽管无生物活性）的构建材料。具有生物活性白蛋白表面涂层的纳米颗粒既可以通过白蛋白-聚合物共轭物的自组装制备，也可以通过用白蛋白对现有纳米颗粒进行后包覆来制备。白蛋白也已被用作构建材料，无论是天然形式还是变性形式。现有的白蛋白纳米颗粒都涂覆有聚合物，这可能会影响白蛋白的降解或对药物释放产生影响。最后，提出了一种通过使蛋白质变性以产生可被聚合物修饰的高功能链来使用白蛋白的替代方法。这些白蛋白纳米颗粒被设计得极具通用性，以便它们能够递送多种药物，包括传统的疏水性药物、金属基药物，甚至治疗性蛋白质和小干扰RNA。
