Muñoz A L, Bedos M, Aroña R M, Flores J A, Hernández H, Moussu C, Briefer E F, Chemineau P, Keller M, Delgadillo J A
Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Caprina, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, C.P. 27054 Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico.
Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, Agreenium, Nouzilly, France.
Physiol Behav. 2016 May 1;158:137-42. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.037. Epub 2016 Mar 3.
In ewes, the ovulatory response of females exposed to familiar rams is lower than the response of those exposed to novel ones. In goats, males rendered sexually active by exposure to long days are more efficient to induce ovulation in seasonal anestrous females than untreated males. Two experiments were conducted to determine 1) whether male goats remain familiar to females after 45days of separation; and 2) whether photostimulated males are able to stimulate the sexual activity of females, independently of their familiarity with them. In Experiment 1, three groups of goats (n=10 goats per group) were put in contact with males (n=2 per group) during 10days in November (familiarization period). These males were called familiar males. After 15, 30 and 45days of separation from the males, females of each group were exposed to familiar or novel males during 10min. In each test, goats in contact with novel males displayed more distress bleats, escapes, head butts, and sniffing than those in contact with familiar males (P<0.05). In Experiment 2, we used sexually inactive (n=4 control males), and sexually active males (n=4 photostimulated males). In February, two groups of goats (n=50 each) were put in contact with control or photostimulated males (n=2 each) during 10days ("familiar" control or photostimulated male, respectively). After 45days of separation from the males, both groups of females were further divided into two groups (n=25 goats per group). In April, two groups were re-exposed to "familiar" control or "familiar" photostimulated males (n=2 per group), whereas the other two groups were exposed to "novel" control or "novel" photostimulated males (n=2 per group). The photostimulated males displayed a higher level of sexual behavior than the controls. The proportion of goats that ovulated and displayed estrus was higher when exposed to the photostimulated males than when exposed to control ones (≥80% vs. 0%; P<0.05). These proportions did not differ between groups exposed to familiar or novel photostimulated males (P>0.05). We concluded that after 45days of separation, males are still familiar to females. The photostimulated males are able to induce the sexual activity of seasonally anestrous goats independently of their familiarity with them.
在母羊中，接触熟悉公羊的雌性排卵反应低于接触陌生公羊的雌性。在山羊中，经长日照处理变得性活跃的雄性比未经处理的雄性更能有效地诱导季节性乏情雌性排卵。进行了两项实验，以确定：1）分离45天后，雌性山羊是否仍能认出雄性山羊；2）光照刺激的雄性山羊是否能够激发雌性山羊的性活动，而不受雌性对其熟悉程度的影响。在实验1中，11月时，将三组山羊（每组10只）与雄性山羊（每组2只）接触10天（熟悉期）。这些雄性山羊被称为熟悉的雄性。与雄性分离15、30和45天后，每组雌性山羊与熟悉或陌生的雄性接触10分钟。在每次测试中，与陌生雄性接触的山羊比与熟悉雄性接触的山羊表现出更多的痛苦咩叫、逃跑、顶撞和嗅闻行为（P<0.05）。在实验2中，我们使用了性不活跃的雄性（4只对照雄性）和性活跃的雄性（4只光照刺激雄性）。2月时，将两组山羊（每组50只）分别与对照或光照刺激的雄性（每组2只）接触10天（分别为“熟悉的”对照或光照刺激雄性）。与雄性分离45天后，两组雌性山羊又各自分为两组（每组25只）。4月时，两组重新接触“熟悉的”对照或“熟悉的”光照刺激雄性（每组2只），而另外两组则接触“陌生的”对照或“陌生的”光照刺激雄性（每组2只）。光照刺激的雄性表现出比对照更高水平的性行为。接触光照刺激雄性的山羊排卵和发情的比例高于接触对照雄性的山羊（≥80%对0%；P<0.05）。接触熟悉或陌生光照刺激雄性的组之间，这些比例没有差异（P>0.05）。我们得出结论，分离45天后，雌性山羊仍能认出雄性山羊。光照刺激的雄性能够诱导季节性乏情山羊的性活动，而不受雌性对其熟悉程度的影响。
