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作者信息
Geffers Christine, Maechler Friederike, Behnke Michael, Gastmeier Petra
出版信息
Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2016 Feb;51(2):104-10; quiz 111. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-103348. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) varies temporally, geographically, and by healthcare setting. In general MDROs rates are higher in hospitals compared to the outpatient setting. Within the hospital the prevalence of MDRO-patients in ICUs is higher than in non-ICU wards. While the number of MRSA-patients decreased over the last years, there was a continuous increase of Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) in Germany. At present, every 60. patient in the ICU is known as colonized or infected with GNB.
SURVEILLANCE
Hospitals in Germany are obliged by the "protection against infection act" (REF?)11 to establish a surveillance for MDROs. To improve the informative value of the surveillance it is recommended to participate in one of three surveillance systems for MDROs in Germany, which differ with regard to the effort required and their key messages.
IMPORTANCE
MDROs may increase healthcare costs as well as patient morbidity and mortality.
流行病学
多重耐药菌（MDROs）的患病率随时间、地域以及医疗机构的不同而有所变化。总体而言，与门诊环境相比，医院中MDROs的发生率更高。在医院内部，重症监护病房（ICU）中MDRO患者的患病率高于非ICU病房。尽管在过去几年中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）患者的数量有所下降，但在德国革兰氏阴性杆菌（GNB）的数量却持续增加。目前，ICU中每60名患者中就有1名被确认为感染或定植了GNB。
监测
德国的医院根据《感染防护法》（参考？11）有义务对MDROs进行监测。为提高监测的信息价值，建议参与德国的三个MDROs监测系统之一，这三个系统在所需工作量及其关键信息方面存在差异。
重要性
MDROs可能会增加医疗成本以及患者的发病率和死亡率。
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