Prpic Valter, Fumarola Antonia, De Tommaso Matteo, Luccio Riccardo, Murgia Mauro, Agostini Tiziano
Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste.
Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2016 Aug;42(8):1241-51. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000217. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
The spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) effect is considered an evidence of the association between numbers and space, with faster left key-press responses to small numbers and faster right key-press responses to large numbers. We examined whether visually presented note values produce a SNARC-like effect. Differently from numbers, note values are represented as a decreasing left-to-right progression, allowing us to disambiguate the contribution of order and magnitude in determining the direction of the effect. Musicians with formal education performed a note value comparison in Experiment 1 (direct task), a line orientation judgment in Experiment 2 (indirect task), and a detection task in Experiment 3 (indirect task). When note values were task relevant (direct task), participants responded faster to large note values with the left key-press, and vice versa. Conversely, when note values were task irrelevant (indirect tasks), the direction of this association was reversed. This evidence suggests the existence of separate mechanisms underlying the SNARC effect. Namely, an Order-Related Mechanism (ORM) and a Magnitude-Related Mechanism (MRM) that are revealed by different task demands. Indeed, according to a new model we proposed, ordinal and magnitude related information appears to be preferentially involved in direct and indirect tasks, respectively. (PsycINFO Database Record
反应编码的空间-数字关联（SNARC）效应被认为是数字与空间之间存在关联的一个证据，即对较小数字的左键按压反应更快，对较大数字的右键按压反应更快。我们研究了视觉呈现的音符时值是否会产生类似SNARC的效应。与数字不同，音符时值以从左到右递减的顺序表示，这使我们能够明确在确定效应方向时顺序和大小的作用。受过正规教育的音乐家在实验1（直接任务）中进行音符时值比较，在实验2（间接任务）中进行线条方向判断，在实验3（间接任务）中进行检测任务。当音符时值与任务相关时（直接任务），参与者用左键按压对大音符时值的反应更快，反之亦然。相反，当音符时值与任务不相关时（间接任务），这种关联的方向则相反。这一证据表明SNARC效应背后存在不同的机制。也就是说，一个与顺序相关的机制（ORM）和一个与大小相关的机制（MRM），它们由不同的任务需求所揭示。事实上，根据我们提出的一个新模型，顺序相关信息和大小相关信息似乎分别优先参与直接任务和间接任务。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
