Lourens P F
Traffic Research Centre, Haren, The Netherlands.
Accid Anal Prev. 1989 Oct;21(5):419-26. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(89)90002-x.
This paper presents an overview of the field of error analysis. Section 1 shows why discussions about human error are relevant for societal safety. With regard to safety research, it is important to predict abnormal events. At the machine side, reliability studies proved their value, but to predict failures in the human factor has been shown to be very difficult. Therefore, problems in how to define the notion of human error (Section 2) and how to classify different types of error (Section 3) are discussed. Some researchers started to use systematical classifications of human error types based on a recent, hierarchical model of human task performance. The outline of the model is presented. Examples of error analysis studies from the field of transportation research (Section 4) provide some basic suggestions on how to reduce error rates. Some conclusions on error control are given in Section 5. The responsibility of managers and system designers in this respect is strongly emphasized.
本文概述了错误分析领域。第1节阐述了为何关于人为错误的讨论与社会安全相关。对于安全研究而言，预测异常事件至关重要。在机器方面，可靠性研究已证明其价值，但事实表明，预测人为因素导致的故障非常困难。因此，本文将讨论如何定义人为错误的概念（第2节）以及如何对不同类型的错误进行分类（第3节）。一些研究人员开始基于近期的人类任务绩效层次模型，对人为错误类型进行系统分类。本文将介绍该模型的概要。交通研究领域的错误分析研究示例（第4节）就如何降低错误率提供了一些基本建议。第5节给出了关于错误控制的一些结论。文中强烈强调了管理者和系统设计者在这方面的责任。
