Ota Kinya G, Abe Gembu
Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2016 May-Jun;5(3):272-95. doi: 10.1002/wdev.224. Epub 2016 Mar 7.
Morphological variation of the goldfish is known to have been established by artificial selection for ornamental purposes during the domestication process. Chinese texts that date to the Song dynasty contain descriptions of goldfish breeding for ornamental purposes, indicating that the practice originated over one thousand years ago. Such a well-documented goldfish breeding process, combined with the phylogenetic and embryological proximities of this species with zebrafish, would appear to make the morphologically diverse goldfish strains suitable models for evolutionary developmental (evodevo) studies. However, few modern evodevo studies of goldfish have been conducted. In this review, we provide an overview of the historical background of goldfish breeding, and the differences between this teleost and zebrafish from an evolutionary perspective. We also summarize recent progress in the field of molecular developmental genetics, with a particular focus on the twin-tail goldfish morphology. Furthermore, we discuss unanswered questions relating to the evolution of the genome, developmental robustness, and morphologies in the goldfish lineage, with the goal of blazing a path toward an evodevo study paradigm using this teleost species as a new model species. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
人们已知金鱼的形态变异是在驯化过程中出于观赏目的通过人工选择而形成的。可追溯至宋朝的中文文献中就有关于为观赏目的而进行金鱼养殖的描述，这表明这种做法起源于一千多年前。如此有详尽记载的金鱼养殖过程，再加上该物种与斑马鱼在系统发育和胚胎学上的相近性，似乎使形态多样的金鱼品系成为进化发育（演化发育生物学）研究的合适模型。然而，目前针对金鱼的现代演化发育生物学研究却很少。在这篇综述中，我们概述了金鱼养殖的历史背景，以及从进化角度来看这种硬骨鱼与斑马鱼之间的差异。我们还总结了分子发育遗传学领域的最新进展，特别关注双尾金鱼的形态。此外，我们讨论了与金鱼谱系中基因组进化、发育稳健性和形态相关的未解决问题，目的是开辟一条以这种硬骨鱼作为新模型物种的演化发育生物学研究范式之路。有关本文的更多资源，请访问WIREs网站。
