Jungermann K
Institut für Biochemie, Fachbereich Medizin der Universität, Göttingen.
Naturwissenschaften. 1989 Dec;76(12):547-59. doi: 10.1007/BF00462861.
The liver is the glucose reservoir of the organism and moreover an important blood reservoir, which takes up or releases glucose and blood depending on demand. Activation of the sympathetic nerves increases glucose release, shifts lactate uptake to output and reduces a.o. oxygen uptake. Moreover, it elicits a reduction of blood flow, and, by closing of sinusoids, an intrahepatic redistribution as well as a mobilization of blood. Activation of parasympathetic nerves enhances glucose utilization and causes a re-opening of closed sinusoids. The actions of sympathetic nerves can be modulated by hormones. Extracellular calcium as well as the mediators noradrenaline and probably also prostaglandins are involved in the signal chain. Intracellularly the signal chain is propagated by an increase of cytosolic calcium.
肝脏是机体的葡萄糖储备库，而且还是一个重要的血库，它根据需求摄取或释放葡萄糖及血液。交感神经的激活会增加葡萄糖释放，将乳酸摄取转变为输出，并减少氧气摄取等。此外，它会引起血流减少，并通过窦状隙关闭导致肝内血液重新分布以及血液动员。副交感神经的激活会增强葡萄糖利用，并使关闭的窦状隙重新开放。交感神经的作用可被激素调节。细胞外钙以及介质去甲肾上腺素，可能还有前列腺素都参与了信号传导链。在细胞内，信号传导链通过胞质钙的增加来传递。
