Lincoln Tania M, Dollfus Sonia, Lyne John
Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
CHU de Caen, Service universitaire de Psychiatrie, Centre Esquirol, Avenue Côte de Nacre, Caen F-14000, France; UNICAEN, UFR Médecine, F-14074 Caen, France.
Schizophr Res. 2017 Aug;186:8-18. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.02.035. Epub 2016 Mar 6.
Reliable and valid assessment of negative symptoms is crucial to further develop etiological models and improve treatments. Our understanding of the concept of negative symptoms has undergone significant advances since the introduction of quantitative assessments of negative symptoms in the 1980s. These include the conceptualization of cognitive dysfunction as separate from negative symptoms and the distinction of two main negative symptom factors (avolition and diminished expression). In this review we provide an overview of existing negative symptom scales, focusing on both observer-rated and self-rated measurement of negative symptoms. We also distinguish between measures that assess negative symptoms as part of a broader assessment of schizophrenia symptoms, those specifically developed for negative symptoms and those that assess specific domains of negative symptoms within and beyond the context of psychotic disorders. We critically discuss strengths and limitations of these measures in the light of some existing challenges, i.e. observed and subjective symptom experiences, the challenge of distinguishing between primary and secondary negative symptoms, and the overlap between negative symptoms and related factors (e.g. personality traits and premorbid functioning). This review is aimed to inform the ongoing development of negative symptom scales.
对阴性症状进行可靠且有效的评估对于进一步发展病因模型和改善治疗方法至关重要。自20世纪80年代引入阴性症状的定量评估以来，我们对阴性症状概念的理解取得了重大进展。这些进展包括将认知功能障碍与阴性症状区分开来，以及区分两个主要的阴性症状因素（意志缺乏和表达减少）。在本综述中，我们概述了现有的阴性症状量表，重点关注阴性症状的观察者评定和自我评定测量。我们还区分了将阴性症状评估作为精神分裂症症状更广泛评估一部分的测量方法、专门为阴性症状开发的测量方法以及在精神障碍背景内外评估阴性症状特定领域的测量方法。鉴于一些现有挑战，即观察到的和主观的症状体验、区分原发性和继发性阴性症状的挑战以及阴性症状与相关因素（如人格特质和病前功能）之间的重叠，我们批判性地讨论了这些测量方法的优势和局限性。本综述旨在为阴性症状量表的持续发展提供参考。
