Volkenstein M V, Livshits M A
Institute of Molecular Biology, Academy of Sciences of USSR, Moscow.
Biosystems. 1989;23(1):1-5. doi: 10.1016/0303-2647(89)90002-6.
The interrelations of physics and biology are discussed. It is shown that Darwin can be considered as one of the founders of the important field of contemporary physics called physics of dissipative structures or synergetics. The theories of gradual and punctual evolution are presented. The contradiction between these theories can be solved on the basis of molecular theory of evolution and on the basis of the phenomenological physical treatment. The general physical properties of living systems, considered as open systems being far from equilibrium, are listed and simple non-linear mathematical models describing gradual and punctual speciation are suggested. The usual pictures which present these two kinds of speciation can possess physico-mathematical sense. Punctuated speciation means bifurcation, a kind of non-equilibrium phase transition.
讨论了物理学与生物学的相互关系。结果表明，达尔文可被视为当代物理学一个重要领域——耗散结构物理学或协同学的奠基人之一。介绍了渐变进化理论和间断进化理论。这些理论之间的矛盾可以在进化分子理论的基础上以及基于现象学物理处理的基础上得到解决。列出了被视为远离平衡的开放系统的生命系统的一般物理特性，并提出了描述渐变和间断物种形成的简单非线性数学模型。呈现这两种物种形成的常见图景可能具有物理数学意义。间断物种形成意味着分岔，一种非平衡相变。
