Taupin M, Khaymovich I M, Meschke M, Mel'nikov A S, Pekola J P
Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 13500, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
Institute for Physics of Microstructures, Russian Academy of Sciences, GSP-105, 603950 Nizhni Novgorod, Russia.
Nat Commun. 2016 Mar 16;7:10977. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10977.
Nowadays, superconductors serve in numerous applications, from high-field magnets to ultrasensitive detectors of radiation. Mesoscopic superconducting devices, referring to those with nanoscale dimensions, are in a special position as they are easily driven out of equilibrium under typical operating conditions. The out-of-equilibrium superconductors are characterized by non-equilibrium quasiparticles. These extra excitations can compromise the performance of mesoscopic devices by introducing, for example, leakage currents or decreased coherence time in quantum devices. By applying an external magnetic field, one can conveniently suppress or redistribute the population of excess quasiparticles. In this article, we present an experimental demonstration and a theoretical analysis of such effective control of quasiparticles, resulting in electron cooling both in the Meissner and vortex states of a mesoscopic superconductor. We introduce a theoretical model of quasiparticle dynamics, which is in quantitative agreement with the experimental data.
如今，超导体在众多应用中发挥着作用，从高场磁体到超灵敏辐射探测器。介观超导器件是指那些具有纳米尺度尺寸的器件，它们处于特殊地位，因为在典型工作条件下很容易被驱动到非平衡态。非平衡态超导体的特征是存在非平衡准粒子。这些额外的激发会通过引入例如泄漏电流或降低量子器件中的相干时间来损害介观器件的性能。通过施加外部磁场，可以方便地抑制或重新分布过量准粒子的数量。在本文中，我们展示了对这种准粒子有效控制的实验演示和理论分析，其结果是在介观超导体的迈斯纳态和涡旋态中都实现了电子冷却。我们引入了一个准粒子动力学的理论模型，该模型与实验数据在定量上一致。
