Gulden-Sala Wiebke, Roth Patrick, Brown Michelle, Andratschke Nicolaus, Weller Michael, Stupp Roger
1 Hirntumorzentrum, Universitätsspital Zürich.
2 Kliniken für Onkologie, Universitätsspital Zürich.
Praxis (Bern 1994). 2016 Mar 16;105(6):330-7. doi: 10.1024/1661-8157/a002303.
Gliomas are the most common primary tumors involving the central nervous system. They can manifest with diverse and non-specific general and neurological symptoms. The diagnostic gold standard is cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and subsequent histological confirmation of the diagnosis. Steroids, especially dexamethasone, are used in case of focal symptoms and of symptoms caused by increased intracranial pressure, and antiepileptic drugs are used to manage epileptic seizures. Non-enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs are preferable. Glioma patients have an inherently elevated thromboembolic risk, and therapeutic anticoagulation is indicated following a thromboembolic event. Surgery, radiotherapy and systemic therapy are used as tumor-specific therapy modalities in gliomas. Molecular markers play an increasing role in the prognosis and selection of therapy in daily oncological routine.
胶质瘤是最常见的累及中枢神经系统的原发性肿瘤。它们可表现出多样且非特异性的全身和神经症状。诊断的金标准是脑部磁共振成像及随后的组织学确诊。对于出现局灶性症状和颅内压升高所致症状的情况，会使用类固醇，尤其是地塞米松，同时使用抗癫痫药物来控制癫痫发作。非酶诱导性抗癫痫药物更为可取。胶质瘤患者本身具有较高的血栓栓塞风险，发生血栓栓塞事件后需进行治疗性抗凝。手术、放疗和全身治疗被用作胶质瘤的肿瘤特异性治疗方式。分子标志物在日常肿瘤治疗中对预后评估和治疗选择的作用日益重要。
