Yonekura Y, Tsujii H, Hopewell J W, Ortiz López P, Cosset J-M, Paganetti H, Montelius A, Schardt D, Jones B, Nakamura T
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
Ann ICRP. 2016 Jun;45(1 Suppl):138-47. doi: 10.1177/0146645316630708. Epub 2016 Mar 15.
Recently introduced technologies in radiotherapy have significantly improved the clinical outcome for patients. Ion beam radiotherapy, involving proton and carbon ion beams, provides excellent dose distributions in targeted tumours, with reduced doses to the surrounding normal tissues. However, careful treatment planning is required in order to maximise the treatment efficiency and minimise the dose to normal tissues. Radiation exposure from secondary neutrons and photons, particle fragments, and photons from activated materials should also be considered for radiological protection of the patient and medical staff. Appropriate maintenance is needed for the equipment and air in the treatment room, which may be activated by the particle beam and its secondary radiation. This new treatment requires complex procedures and careful adjustment of parameters for each patient. Therefore, education and training for the personnel involved in the procedure are essential for both effective treatment and patient protection. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has provided recommendations for radiological protection in ion beam radiotherapy in Publication 127 Medical staff should be aware of the possible risks resulting from inappropriate use and control of the equipment. They should also consider the necessary procedures for patient protection when new technologies are introduced into clinical practice.
近年来放疗技术的引入显著改善了患者的临床治疗效果。离子束放疗，包括质子束和碳离子束，能在靶区内提供出色的剂量分布，同时减少对周围正常组织的剂量。然而，为了使治疗效率最大化并将对正常组织的剂量降至最低，需要进行精心的治疗计划。为了对患者和医护人员进行放射防护，还应考虑来自次级中子和光子、粒子碎片以及活化材料产生的光子的辐射暴露。治疗室中的设备和空气需要进行适当维护，因为它们可能会被粒子束及其次级辐射激活。这种新的治疗方法需要复杂的程序，并且要为每个患者仔细调整参数。因此，对参与该治疗过程的人员进行教育和培训对于有效治疗和患者防护都至关重要。国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）在第127号出版物中提供了离子束放疗放射防护的建议。医护人员应意识到因设备使用和控制不当可能产生的风险。当新技术引入临床实践时，他们还应考虑患者防护的必要程序。
