da Silva Patricia Mirella, Costa Carolina Pereira, de Araújo Jaíse Paiva Bragante, Queiroga Fernando Ramos, Wainberg Alexandre Alter
Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil.
Fazenda PRIMAR, Tibau do Sul, RN, Brasil.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2016 Jan-Mar;25(1):37-45. doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612016011. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
Bivalve culture is of considerable economic and social interest in northeastern (NE) Brazil. The polyculture is an alternative approach to traditional monoculture for reducing the environmental impact of shrimp farming and improving oyster culture. Perkinsus marinus and Perkinsus olseni were found infecting oysters in NE Brazil and can threaten oyster production. This study evaluated Perkinsus spp. occurrence in Crassostrea gasar during all production stages. Oyster spats were produced in a hatchery and grown in shrimp ponds in Rio Grande do Norte state. Perkinsus spp. were surveyed by Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. Prevalence and intensity of infection were determined in oysters until they reached 7 cm. Results showed that the broodstock was already infected by Perkinsus (60%), but the derived spats were Perkinsus-free. Oyster spats acquired Perkinsus infection when transferred to ponds. The prevalence gradually increased in the seven months following placement in ponds (73%), and then decreased to 17% by the tenth month. The infections were initially mild, but intensity increased at the final growth stage. In conclusion, it is possible to produce Perkinsus-free C. gasar oyster spats from infected broodstock, and their culture in shrimp ponds is feasible.
双壳贝类养殖在巴西东北部具有相当大的经济和社会意义。混养是一种替代传统单养的方法，可减少对虾养殖对环境的影响并改善牡蛎养殖。在巴西东北部发现了感染牡蛎的马氏帕金虫（Perkinsus marinus）和奥尔森帕金虫（Perkinsus olseni），它们会威胁牡蛎生产。本研究评估了在整个生产阶段，帕金虫属（Perkinsus spp.）在巴西巨蛎（Crassostrea gasar）中的发生情况。牡蛎苗种在孵化场培育，并在北里奥格兰德州的对虾池塘中养殖。通过雷氏硫代乙醇酸盐流体培养基对帕金虫属进行检测，并通过聚合酶链反应进行确认。在牡蛎长到7厘米之前，测定其感染率和感染强度。结果表明，亲贝已被帕金虫感染（60%），但其衍生的苗种未感染帕金虫。牡蛎苗种转移到池塘后感染了帕金虫。放入池塘后的七个月内，感染率逐渐上升（73%），到第十个月降至17%。感染最初较轻，但在最终生长阶段感染强度增加。总之，有可能从感染的亲贝中培育出未感染帕金虫的巴西巨蛎牡蛎苗种，并且在对虾池塘中养殖它们是可行的。
