Rehse Saskia, Kloas Werner, Zarfl Christiane
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587, Berlin, Germany; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, D-12587, Berlin, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Invalidenstraße 110, D-10115, Berlin, Germany.
Chemosphere. 2016 Jun;153:91-9. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.133. Epub 2016 Mar 21.
Recent studies revealed that freshwaters are not only polluted by chemicals, but also by persistent synthetic material like microplastics (plastic particles <1 mm). Microplastics include a diverse range of characteristics, e.g. polymer type, size or shape, but also their tendency to sorb pollutants or release additives. Although there is rising concern about the pollution of freshwaters by microplastics, knowledge about their potential effects on organisms is limited. For a better understanding of their risks, it is crucial to unravel which characteristics influence their effects on organisms. Analysing effects by the mere particles is the first step before including more complex interactions e.g. with associated chemicals. The aim of this study was to analyse potential physical effects of microplastics on one representative organism for limnic zooplankton (Daphnia magna). We investigated whether microplastics can be ingested and whether their presence causes adverse effects after short-term exposure. Daphnids were exposed for up to 96 h to 1-μm and 100-μm polyethylene particles at concentrations between 12.5 and 400 mg L(-1). Ingestion of 1-μm particles led to immobilisation increasing with dose and time with an EC50 of 57.43 mg L(-1) after 96 h. 100-μm particles that could not be ingested by the daphnids had no observable effects. These results underline that, considering high concentrations, microplastic particles can already induce adverse effects in limnic zooplankton. Although it needs to be clarified if these concentrations can be found in the environment these results are a basis for future impact analysis, especially in combination with associated chemicals.
最近的研究表明，淡水不仅受到化学物质的污染，还受到持久性合成材料如微塑料（塑料颗粒<1毫米）的污染。微塑料具有多种特性，例如聚合物类型、尺寸或形状，以及它们吸附污染物或释放添加剂的倾向。尽管人们越来越关注微塑料对淡水的污染，但关于它们对生物体潜在影响的了解仍然有限。为了更好地理解它们的风险，弄清楚哪些特性会影响它们对生物体的影响至关重要。在考虑更复杂的相互作用（例如与相关化学物质的相互作用）之前，仅分析颗粒的影响是第一步。本研究的目的是分析微塑料对一种淡水浮游动物代表性生物（大型溞）的潜在物理影响。我们研究了微塑料是否会被摄取，以及它们的存在在短期暴露后是否会产生不利影响。大型溞暴露于浓度为12.5至400毫克/升的1微米和100微米聚乙烯颗粒中长达96小时。摄取1微米颗粒会导致固定化，其随剂量和时间增加，96小时后的半数有效浓度（EC50）为57.43毫克/升。大型溞无法摄取的100微米颗粒没有可观察到的影响。这些结果强调，考虑到高浓度，微塑料颗粒已经可以在淡水浮游动物中引起不利影响。尽管需要弄清楚这些浓度在环境中是否存在，但这些结果是未来影响分析的基础，特别是与相关化学物质结合时。
