Pon Kylie, Caulkett Nigel, Woodbury Murray
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016 Mar;47(1):29-37. doi: 10.1638/2015-0121.1.
Alfaxalone is a neurosteroid that interacts with gamma-aminobutyric type A receptors to produce central nervous system depression and muscle relaxation. The effects of alfaxalone vary from sedation to general anesthesia. Alfaxalone is synergistic with other tranquilizers and sedatives and therefore has the potential to improve existing alpha-2 adrenergic agonist-based combinations used for wildlife immobilization. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of a medetomidine-azaperone-alfaxalone (MAA) combination in captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Eight captive white-tailed deer were restrained in a drop-floor chute; hand injected i.m. with 0.15 mg/kg medetomidine, 0.2 mg/kg azaperone, and 0.5 mg/kg alfaxalone; and released into a small enclosure for observation. The deer were maintained in lateral recumbency for a total time from postinjection (PI) of the drug of 60 min. At 60 min PI, atipamezole was administered i.m. at five times the medetomidine dose. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and direct systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures were recorded every 5 min. Arterial blood samples were taken every 15 min for blood gas analysis. Level of sedation and quality of recovery were scored. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and descriptive statistics with a significance level of P < 0.05. Induction (time to lateral recumbency, 7.1 ± 2.4 min (mean ± SD) and recovery times (time to standing, 9.1 ± 3.1 min) were comparable to currently used medetomidine-based combinations in white-tailed deer. Major cardiopulmonary effects observed (values reported are 15 min PI of immobilizing drugs) were hypoxemia (PaO2, 54 ± 9 mm Hg), hypoventilation (PaCO2, 55 ± 3 mm Hg), and mixed acid-base disturbances (pH, 7.22 ± 0.04). No adverse effects were observed after recovery from anesthesia. MAA produced a satisfactory level of deep sedation for safe handling and minor procedures in captive white-tailed deer.
阿法沙龙是一种神经甾体，它与γ-氨基丁酸A型受体相互作用，产生中枢神经系统抑制和肌肉松弛作用。阿法沙龙的作用从镇静到全身麻醉不等。阿法沙龙与其他镇静剂和安定药具有协同作用，因此有潜力改善现有的用于野生动物保定的基于α-2肾上腺素能激动剂的组合。本研究的目的是确定美托咪定-阿扎哌隆-阿法沙龙（MAA）组合对圈养白尾鹿（弗吉尼亚白尾鹿）的有效性和心肺影响。八只圈养白尾鹿被限制在一个活底滑道中；通过肌肉注射给予0.15mg/kg美托咪定、0.2mg/kg阿扎哌隆和0.5mg/kg阿法沙龙；然后放入一个小围栏中进行观察。给药后（PI），鹿保持侧卧姿势的总时长为60分钟。在PI后60分钟，通过肌肉注射给予阿替美唑，剂量为美托咪定的五倍。每5分钟记录心率、呼吸频率、直肠温度以及直接测量的收缩压、平均动脉压和舒张压。每15分钟采集动脉血样进行血气分析。对镇静水平和恢复质量进行评分。使用方差分析和描述性统计进行统计分析，显著性水平为P < 0.05。诱导时间（侧卧时间，7.1±2.4分钟（平均值±标准差））和恢复时间（站立时间，9.1±3.1分钟）与目前用于白尾鹿的基于美托咪定的组合相当。观察到的主要心肺影响（报告的值为注射保定药物后15分钟时的）为低氧血症（动脉血氧分压（PaO2），54±9mmHg）、通气不足（动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2），55±3mmHg）和混合性酸碱紊乱（pH值，7.22±0.04）。麻醉恢复后未观察到不良反应。MAA在圈养白尾鹿中产生了令人满意的深度镇静水平，便于安全处理和进行小型手术。
