Woodhouse Sarah J, Peterson Edward L, Schmitt Todd, Aquino Susette
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016 Mar;47(1):223-35. doi: 10.1638/2015-0216.1.
Ophthalmic examinations were performed on 160 macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and 90 southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) at eight North American zoos and aquaria. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured using rebound tonometry while penguins were held in two different body positions. Correlations between IOP and factors including age, body position, eye pathology, and housing parameters were evaluated. Normal macaroni penguins had a mean IOP of 42.0 ± 9.7 mm Hg. Normal rockhopper penguins had a mean IOP of 32.9 ± 6.2 mm Hg. Neither species had significantly different IOP between sexes or between left and right eyes of the same penguin. In both species, there was a negative linear correlation between age and IOP. In the macaroni population, IOP was significantly higher when IOP measurement was performed before ophthalmic exam; this was not true in rockhoppers. In both species, IOP measured in a horizontal body position was significantly higher than IOP measured in a vertical body position. In both species, eyes with corneal lesions had significantly lower IOP than normal eyes. In the macaroni penguin, eyes with rubeosis iridis had significantly lower IOP than normal eyes. In macaroni penguins, eyes with cataracts had significantly lower mean IOP than normal eyes; this was not true for rockhoppers.
在北美八家动物园和水族馆，对160只通心粉企鹅（Eudyptes chrysolophus）和90只南跳岩企鹅（Eudyptes chrysocome）进行了眼科检查。在企鹅处于两种不同体位时，使用回弹眼压计测量眼内压（IOP）。评估了IOP与年龄、体位、眼部病变和饲养参数等因素之间的相关性。正常通心粉企鹅的平均IOP为42.0±9.7毫米汞柱。正常跳岩企鹅的平均IOP为32.9±6.2毫米汞柱。两种企鹅的性别之间或同一只企鹅的左右眼之间IOP均无显著差异。在这两个物种中，年龄与IOP之间均呈负线性相关。在通心粉企鹅群体中，在眼科检查前测量IOP时，IOP显著更高；跳岩企鹅则不然。在这两个物种中，水平体位测量的IOP均显著高于垂直体位测量的IOP。在这两个物种中，有角膜病变的眼睛的IOP均显著低于正常眼睛。在通心粉企鹅中，有虹膜红变的眼睛的IOP显著低于正常眼睛。在通心粉企鹅中，有白内障的眼睛的平均IOP显著低于正常眼睛；跳岩企鹅则不然。
