Sim Richard R, Allender Matthew C, Crawford LaTasha K, Wack Allison N, Murphy Kevin J, Mankowski Joseph L, Bronson Ellen
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016 Mar;47(1):256-70. doi: 10.1638/2015-0048.1.
Frog virus 3 (FV3) and FV3-like viruses are members of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) and are becoming recognized as significant pathogens of eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) in North America. In July 2011, 5 turtles from a group of 27 in Maryland, USA, presented dead or lethargic with what was later diagnosed as fibrinonecrotic stomatitis and cloacitis. The presence of FV3-like virus and herpesvirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the tested index cases. The remaining 22 animals were isolated, segregated by severity of clinical signs, and treated with nutritional support, fluid therapy, ambient temperature management, antibiotics, and antiviral therapy. Oral swabs were tested serially for FV3-like virus by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and tested at day 0 for herpesvirus and Mycoplasma sp. by conventional PCR. With oral swabs, 77% of the 22 turtles were FV3-like virus positive; however, qPCR on tissues taken during necropsy revealed the true prevalence was 86%. FV3-like virus prevalence and the median number of viral copies being shed significantly declined during the outbreak. The prevalence of herpesvirus and Mycoplasma sp. by PCR of oral swabs at day 0 was 55% and 68%, respectively. The 58% survival rate was higher than previously reported in captive eastern box turtles for a ranavirus epizootic. All surviving turtles brumated normally and emerged the following year with no clinical signs during subsequent monitoring. The immediate initiation of treatment and intensive supportive care were considered the most important contributing factors to the successful outcome in this outbreak.
蛙病毒3（FV3）及FV3样病毒是蛙病毒属（虹彩病毒科）的成员，正逐渐被视为北美东部箱龟（卡罗莱纳箱龟指名亚种）的重要病原体。2011年7月，美国马里兰州一群27只箱龟中有5只出现死亡或精神萎靡，随后被诊断为纤维蛋白坏死性口炎和泄殖腔炎。在检测的首例病例中，通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测到FV3样病毒和疱疹病毒的存在。其余22只动物被隔离，根据临床症状的严重程度进行分类，并接受营养支持、液体疗法、环境温度管理、抗生素和抗病毒治疗。通过定量实时PCR（qPCR）对口腔拭子进行连续检测，以检测FV3样病毒，并在第0天通过常规PCR检测疱疹病毒和支原体。在22只箱龟中，77%的口腔拭子检测出FV3样病毒呈阳性；然而，尸检时采集的组织进行qPCR检测显示，实际感染率为86%。在疫情爆发期间，FV3样病毒的感染率和病毒拷贝中位数显著下降。第0天口腔拭子PCR检测疱疹病毒和支原体的感染率分别为55%和68%。58% 的存活率高于之前圈养东部箱龟爆发蛙病毒疫情时的报告存活率。所有存活的箱龟正常冬眠，次年苏醒，在后续监测中未出现临床症状。立即开始治疗和强化支持治疗被认为是此次疫情取得成功结果的最重要因素。
