Cassel Anneli, Morris Robin, Koutroumanidis Michael, Kopelman Michael
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
Cortex. 2016 May;78:70-84. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.02.005. Epub 2016 Feb 24.
The notion of 'accelerated long-term forgetting' has often been attributed to disrupted 'late' memory consolidation. Nevertheless, methodological issues in the literature have left this theory unproven, leading some to suggest such findings may be reflective of subtle acquisition or early retention deficits. This study attempts to address such issues, and also to explore which pathophysiological variables are associated with forgetting rates. Eighteen participants with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and eighteen matched controls completed background neuropsychological measurement of immediate and short-delay memory that showed comparable performance, both on verbal and visual tests. Using two novel experimental tasks to measure long-term forgetting, cued recall of verbal and visuospatial material was tested 30 sec, 10 min, one day, and one week after learning. Forgetting of verbal material was found to be progressively faster during the course of a week in the TLE group. For visuospatial memory, participants in the TLE group exhibited faster early forgetting in the first 10 min after learning, as indicated by planned comparisons, with comparable forgetting rates thereafter. Our findings provide evidence for two patterns of disruption to 'early' memory consolidation in this population, occurring either at the initial delay only or continuing progressively through time. Differences in how soon after learning accelerated forgetting was detectable were related to factors associated with greater severity of epilepsy, such as presence of medial temporal lobe sclerosis (MTS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and use of multiple anti-epileptic agents.
“加速长期遗忘”的概念常被归因于“晚期”记忆巩固受到干扰。然而，文献中的方法学问题使得这一理论尚未得到证实，导致一些人认为此类发现可能反映了细微的习得或早期保持缺陷。本研究试图解决这些问题，并探索哪些病理生理变量与遗忘率相关。18名颞叶癫痫（TLE）患者和18名匹配的对照组完成了即时和短延迟记忆的背景神经心理学测量，结果显示在言语和视觉测试中表现相当。使用两项新颖的实验任务来测量长期遗忘，在学习后30秒、10分钟、1天和1周测试言语和视觉空间材料的线索回忆。结果发现，在一周的时间里，TLE组对言语材料的遗忘逐渐加快。对于视觉空间记忆，TLE组的参与者在学习后的前10分钟表现出更快的早期遗忘，通过计划比较表明，此后遗忘率相当。我们的研究结果为该人群中“早期”记忆巩固的两种破坏模式提供了证据，一种仅发生在初始延迟时，另一种则随时间逐渐持续。学习后多快能检测到加速遗忘的差异与癫痫严重程度更高的相关因素有关，如磁共振成像（MRI）显示内侧颞叶硬化（MTS）以及使用多种抗癫痫药物。
