Başar Erol, Düzgün Aysel
Brain Dynamics, Cognition and Complex Systems Research Center, Istanbul Kültür University Istanbul, Turkey.
Front Psychol. 2016 Mar 10;7:275. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00275. eCollection 2016.
The aim of this report is threefold: (1) First, we accomplish a survey integrating the description of consciousness, perception, and memory according to the views of descriptions of Hermann Helmholtz, Sigmund Freud, Henri Bergson, and Gustav Jung. (2) In the second step, we present experimental results for defining the machineries of sensation and perception: (a) electrical responses of isolated ganglion of Helix pomatia were measured upon odor stimuli that elicited varied degrees of responses. Such a model may give an idea of the control of sensation in the preconscious state of a living tissue. (b) We also describe experiments at the human hearing threshold level. (c) Further, the omission of working memory will be shown with the attenuation of delta response in Alzheimer's subjects in P300 measurements. (d) Finally, the measurement of auditory evoked potentials during slow-wave sleep in the cat brain explains the auditory responses that are not heard at this level of consciousness. (3) In the third step, we aim to provide a synopsis related to integration of perception, memory, and consciousness. By using concepts of important scientists as S. Freud on consciousness, we also tentatively discuss the boundaries of the transition of unconsciousness states to conscious states.
（1）首先，我们根据赫尔曼·亥姆霍兹、西格蒙德·弗洛伊德、亨利·柏格森和古斯塔夫·荣格的描述观点，完成一项整合意识、感知和记忆描述的调查。（2）在第二步中，我们展示用于定义感觉和感知机制的实验结果：（a）在引发不同程度反应的气味刺激下，测量了隔离的苹果螺神经节的电反应。这样的模型可以让人了解活组织前意识状态下的感觉控制。（b）我们还描述了在人类听力阈值水平上的实验。（c）此外，在P300测量中，阿尔茨海默病患者的δ反应衰减表明工作记忆的缺失。（d）最后，对猫脑慢波睡眠期间听觉诱发电位的测量解释了在这种意识水平下未被听到的听觉反应。（3）在第三步中，我们旨在提供一个与感知、记忆和意识整合相关的概要。通过使用像S.弗洛伊德这样重要科学家关于意识的概念，我们还初步讨论了无意识状态向有意识状态转变的界限。
