Xie X S, Qi C, Du X Y, Shi W W, Zhang M
National Institute of Occupational Health and Poison Control Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi. 2016 Feb 20;34(2):107-10. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2016.02.007.
To investigate the features of hand-transmitted vibration of common vibration tools in the workplace for automobile casting and assembly.
From September to October, 2014, measurement and spectral analysis were performed for 16 typical hand tools(including percussion drill, pneumatic wrench, grinding machine, internal grinder, and arc welding machine) in 6 workplaces for automobile casting and assembly according to ISO 5349-1-2001 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-part 1: General requirements and ISO 5349-2-2001 Mechanical vibration-Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-transmitted vibration-Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement in the workplace.
The vibration acceleration waveforms of shearing machine, arc welding machine, and pneumatic wrench were mainly impact wave and random wave, while those of internal grinder, angle grinder, percussion drill, and grinding machine were mainly long-and short-period waves. The daily exposure duration to vibration of electric wrench, pneumatic wrench, shearing machine, percussion drill, and internal grinder was about 150 minutes, while that of plasma cutting machine, angle grinder, grinding machine, bench grinder, and arc welding machine was about 400 minutes. The range of vibration total value(ahv) was as follows: pneumatic wrench 0.3011.04 m/s(2), grinding wheel 1.618.97 m/s(2), internal grinder 1.468.70 m/s(2), percussion drill 11.1014.50 m/s(2), and arc welding machine 0.21~2.18 m/s(2). The workers engaged in cleaning had the longest daily exposure duration to vibration, and the effective value of 8-hour energy-equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration for them[A(8)] was 8.03 m/s(2), while this value for workers engaged in assembly was 4.78 m/s(2). The frequency spectrogram with an 1/3-time frequency interval showed that grinding machine, angle grinder, and percussion drill had a high vibration acceleration, and the vibration limit curve was recommended for those with a frequency higher than 400 min/d.
The workers who are engaged in cleaning, grinding, and a few positions of assembly and use grinding machine, angle grinder, internal grinder, and percussion drill are exposed to vibrations with a high vibration acceleration and at a high position of the frequency spectrum. The hand-transmitted vibration in the positions of cutting, polishing, and cleaning in automobile casting has great harm, and the harm caused by pneumatic wrench in automobile assembly should be taken seriously.
研究汽车铸造与装配工作场所常见振动工具的手传振动特征。
2014年9月至10月，依据ISO 5349-1-2001《机械振动 人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价 第1部分：一般要求》及ISO 5349-2-2001《机械振动 人体暴露于手传振动的测量与评价 第2部分：工作场所测量实用指南》，对6个汽车铸造与装配工作场所的16种典型手持工具（包括冲击钻、气动扳手、磨床、内圆磨床和电焊机）进行测量与频谱分析。
剪板机、电焊机、气动扳手的振动加速度波形主要为冲击波和随机波，内圆磨床、角向磨光机、冲击钻、磨床的振动加速度波形主要为长短周期波。电动扳手、气动扳手、剪板机、冲击钻、内圆磨床的每日振动暴露时长约为150分钟，等离子切割机、角向磨光机、磨床、台式砂轮机、电焊机的每日振动暴露时长约为400分钟。振动总值（ahv）范围如下：气动扳手0.3011.04 m/s²，砂轮1.618.97 m/s²，内圆磨床1.468.70 m/s²，冲击钻11.1014.50 m/s²，电焊机0.21~2.18 m/s²。从事清理工作的工人每日振动暴露时长最长，其8小时能量等效频率加权加速度有效值[A(8)]为8.03 m/s²，而从事装配工作的工人该值为4.78 m/s²。以1/3倍频程间隔的频谱图显示，磨床、角向磨光机、冲击钻的振动加速度较高，对于频率高于400 min/d的情况建议绘制振动极限曲线。
从事清理、磨削以及部分装配岗位且使用磨床、角向磨光机、内圆磨床和冲击钻的工人，暴露于振动加速度较高且频谱位置较高的振动环境中。汽车铸造中切割、抛光、清理岗位的手传振动危害较大，汽车装配中气动扳手造成的危害应予以重视。
