Bouma A, Nielen M, van Soest E, Sietsma S, van den Broek J, Dijkstra T, van Werven T
Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3584 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
University Farm Animal Practice, 3481 LZ, Harmelen, the Netherlands.
J Dairy Sci. 2016 Jun;99(6):4487-4495. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-9774. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Udder cleft dermatitis (UCD) is a skin lesion in dairy cows, most often located between anterior parts of the udder and abdomen, but also found between the front quarters. A few recent studies have investigated the prevalence of UCD, but relatively little is known about its pathogenesis, clinical course, and duration. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and recovery of UCD on high-prevalence herds. Five Dutch dairy herds with a UCD prevalence of at least 6% were visited weekly for 19 wk, followed by visits every other week for 26 wk. During each visit, all dry and lactating cows were inspected for the presence of UCD signs. If a UCD case was detected, the affected skin was photographed and the photo was subsequently examined by a research assistant. Cows were then classified according to the appearance of the skin into 3 categories: healthy (no photo: no signs), mild (photo: affected skin but no wound), or severe (photo: open wound). The overall mean within-herd prevalence of UCD was 38% and the overall mean incidence was 1.94 UCD episodes per 100 cow-weeks at risk. Incidence of UCD was significantly higher in cows in third or higher parity and significantly increased with DIM. Median observed duration of UCD was 16 wk. The UCD recovery was 3 times more likely for mild than for severe lesions. The probability of moving from one category to another between 2 consecutive visits was very low, indicating that rapid changes in appearance did not occur. The observed incidence of UCD was rather low, and the relatively high prevalence in the selected herds was most likely due to the long duration of lesions rather than a high incidence of new UCD cases.
乳房裂皮炎（UCD）是奶牛的一种皮肤病变，最常发生在乳房前部与腹部之间，但也见于乳房前半部之间。最近有一些研究调查了UCD的患病率，但对其发病机制、临床病程和持续时间了解相对较少。因此，本研究的目的是调查高患病率牛群中UCD的发病率和恢复情况。对五头荷兰奶牛群进行了研究，这些牛群的UCD患病率至少为6%，每周访问一次，持续19周，随后每隔一周访问一次，持续26周。每次访问时，检查所有干奶期和泌乳期奶牛是否有UCD症状。如果检测到UCD病例，对受影响的皮肤进行拍照，随后由一名研究助理检查照片。然后根据皮肤外观将奶牛分为三类：健康（无照片：无体征）、轻度（有照片：受影响皮肤但无伤口）或重度（有照片：开放性伤口）。UCD在牛群中的总体平均患病率为38%，总体平均发病率为每100头处于危险中的奶牛周1.94次UCD发作。第三胎及以上胎次的奶牛UCD发病率显著更高，且随产犊后天数（DIM）显著增加。UCD的中位观察持续时间为16周。轻度病变的UCD恢复可能性是重度病变的3倍。两次连续访问之间从一种类别转变为另一种类别的概率非常低，表明外观没有快速变化。观察到的UCD发病率相当低，所选牛群中相对较高的患病率很可能是由于病变持续时间长，而不是新UCD病例的高发病率。
