前交叉韧带重建的新趋势
Emerging Trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.
作者信息
Budny Jacob, Fox Joseph, Rauh Michael, Fineberg Marc
机构信息
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Western Pennsylvania Orthopedic & Sports Medicine, Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
出版信息
J Knee Surg. 2017 Jan;30(1):63-69. doi: 10.1055/s-0036-1579788. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most commonly performed and researched orthopedic procedures. As technology and comparative research have advanced, surgical practices have changed to achieve a superior outcome. Our group performed a survey of orthopedic surgeons to evaluate current practice trends and techniques as a follow-up to similar surveys performed in 1999 and 2006. In a survey between 2013 and 2014 consisting of 35 questions regarding the surgical technique, graft choice, fixation method, and perioperative care in ACL reconstruction was sent electronically to the members of the American Orthopaedic Society of Sports Medicine and the Arthroscopy Association of North America. Responses were recorded and compared with previous results. Survey responses were received from 824 active surgeons. Of the respondents, 89.4% are subspecialty trained, 98% of which in sports medicine. Preoperatively, full-knee extension was the only "very significant" factor in surgical timing. Approach preference via an arthroscopic-assisted single-incision approach predominated (89%)-similar to earlier results. Bone-patellar-tendon-bone use decreased relative to hamstring allograft at 45 and 41%, respectively. Tibial tunnel placement shifted anteriorly and femoral tunnel placement shifted posterosuperiorly as compared with the results obtained 5 years ago. Femoral drilling through a low medial portal was preferred in 47% of responses, increased from 15%. Preferred fixation on both the tibial and femoral sides was either metal or bioabsorbable interference screws. The use of transfixation pins and other devices decreased. Postoperative rehab protocols did not significantly change, 68.7% preferred full-weight bearing, 55% using a range of motion knee brace locked in extension, 66.4% starting physical therapy 1 week postoperatively, with unrestricted activity at 6 to 9 months. Overall, an increasing trend toward using hamstring autograft and drilling the femoral tunnel through an accessory portal in primary ACL reconstruction was observed. This may reflect recent literature supporting more anatomic reconstruction of the ACL. Considerations including deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, brace use, timing of surgery, weight-bearing restrictions, physical therapy, graft choice in athletes, and return to activity remained largely unchanged.
前交叉韧带(ACL)重建是最常开展且研究最多的骨科手术之一。随着技术和对比研究的进步,手术方式已发生改变以获得更好的效果。我们团队对骨科医生进行了一项调查,以评估当前的手术实践趋势和技术,作为对1999年和2006年进行的类似调查的后续研究。在2013年至2014年期间进行的一项调查中,通过电子邮件向美国运动医学骨科协会和北美关节镜协会的成员发送了一份包含35个关于ACL重建手术技术、移植物选择、固定方法和围手术期护理问题的调查问卷。记录了回复并与之前的结果进行比较。收到了824名在职外科医生的调查回复。在受访者中,89.4%接受了亚专业培训,其中98%是运动医学专业。术前,全膝关节伸直是手术时机中唯一“非常重要”的因素。关节镜辅助单切口入路的入路偏好占主导地位(89%),与早期结果相似。骨 - 髌腱 - 骨移植物的使用相对于腘绳肌同种异体移植物分别下降至45%和41%。与5年前的结果相比,胫骨隧道位置向前移动,股骨隧道位置向后上方移动。47%的回复者更倾向于通过内侧低位入口进行股骨钻孔,这一比例从15%有所增加。胫骨和股骨侧首选的固定方式是金属或生物可吸收挤压螺钉。贯穿固定针和其他器械的使用减少。术后康复方案没有显著变化,68.7%的人倾向于完全负重,55%的人使用锁定在伸直位且可调节活动范围的膝关节支具,66.4%的人在术后1周开始物理治疗,6至9个月恢复无限制活动。总体而言,在初次ACL重建中观察到使用腘绳肌自体移植物和通过辅助入口进行股骨隧道钻孔的趋势增加。这可能反映了近期支持更符合解剖结构的ACL重建的文献。包括预防深静脉血栓形成、支具使用、手术时机、负重限制、物理治疗、运动员的移植物选择以及恢复活动等方面的考虑在很大程度上保持不变。